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Still others describe design rationale as the capture and potential reuse of normal communication about design. These perspectives of design rationale use different representations, which influence their ability to capture and to retrieve and use information. We propose an integrated approach to design rationale where design communication is captured and, over time, incrementally structured into argumentation and other formalisms to enable improved retrieval and use of this information. Two systems, PHIDIAS and the Hyper-Object Substrate, are used to demonstrate: (1) how to capture and integrate a variety of design information, (2) how to support the structuring of unstructured information, and (3) how to use design information to actively support design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s089006040000192x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,31]],"date-time":"2010-03-31T13:45:50Z","timestamp":1270043150000},"page":"141-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Integrating different perspectives on design rationale: Supporting the emergence of design rationale from design communication"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Frank M.","family":"Shipman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191768"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/74224.74235"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref027","unstructured":"Shipman F. 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Supporting knowledge-base evolution with incremental formalization, Ph.D. Dissertation, Technical Report CU-CS-658\u201393, Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder."},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref026","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Developments in Design Methodology","author":"Rittel","year":"1984"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/223904.223949"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref025","first-page":"390","article-title":"On the planning crisis: Systems analysis of the first and second generations","volume":"8","author":"Rittel","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bedriftsokonomen"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref022","unstructured":"Oxford American Dictionary (1980)."},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref020","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Reconnecting: ACAD1A '94","author":"McCall","year":"1994"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(91)90006-I"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref015","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '92)","author":"Malone","year":"1992"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref023","unstructured":"Reeves B. (1993). Supporting collaborative design by embedding communication and history in design artifacts. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado."},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref014","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '89 Conference Proceedings","author":"MacLean","year":"1989"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/28697.28718"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref012","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers","author":"Lee","year":"1990"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref011","volume-title":"Issues as elements of information systems","author":"Kunz","year":"1970"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10919399109540162"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-5041-2896-4_60"},{"key":"S089006040000192X_ref007","unstructured":"Fischer G. , McCall R. , Ostwald J. , Reeves B. , & Shipman F. (1994). 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