{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:20:21Z","timestamp":1761488421627},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235692800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6236,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently design documentation rarely records the designer's decision process or the reasons behind those decisions. This paper describes an effort to improve design documentation by having the computer act as an intelligent apprentice to the designer to capture the rationale during the design process. The apprentice learns about the features that make a specific case different from the standard. Whenever the designer proposes a design action that differs from the apprentice's expectations, the interface will ask for the designer for justifications to explain the differences. Later queries for design rationale are answered using a combination of the apprentice's domain knowledge and the designer-supplied justifications. The apprentice model is being implemented in a prototype system called ADD (Augmenting Design Documentation). The initial focus of the work is on HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) design. Our starting point for implementing the apprentice model is observing how people develop HVAC system designs and then explain those designs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060400002948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,31]],"date-time":"2010-03-31T09:48:02Z","timestamp":1270028882000},"page":"59-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Acquiring design knowledge through design decision justification"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ana Cristina Bicharra","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Craig","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref019","unstructured":"Rafiq T. 1990. Project-specific knowledge for facility engineering. Unpublished PhD thesis proposal. Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University, CA."},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref018","volume-title":"M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo 526","author":"Sussman","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(89)80015-9"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref015","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Architecture at the International Congress on Planning and Design Theory","author":"McCall","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref014","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence at MIT Expanding Frontiers","author":"Lee","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02153751"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80120-8"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref008","unstructured":"Gruber T. R. and Russell D. M. 1990. Design knowledge and design rationale: A framework for representation, capture and use. Technical report KSL 90\u201345, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, CA."},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-1188-6.50041-7"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-1188-6.50042-9","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Design \u201991","author":"Ganeshan","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref004","unstructured":"Fischer G. and McCall R. 1989. JANUS: Integrating hypertext with a knowledge-based design environment. Hypertext '89 Papers, 105\u2013117."},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref003","article-title":"Making argumentation serve design","author":"Fischer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction Journal"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref002","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Computer-Supported Cooperative Work","author":"Conklin","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref017","volume-title":"The Sciences of the Artificial","author":"Simon","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060400001141"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref012","unstructured":"Kunz W. and Rittel H. W. J. 1970. Issue as elements of information systems. Technical Report. Center for Planning and Development Research, University of California, Berkeley."},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370024.1990.9667157"},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref007","unstructured":"Genesereth M. R. , Kellogg C. and Rosenberg S. 1989. The Designworld project. Report Logic-89\u20133, Stanford University, CA."},{"key":"S0890060400002948_ref001","first-page":"88","volume-title":"IJCAI-Workshop on Model-Based Reasoning","author":"Baudin","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060400002948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T18:36:19Z","timestamp":1558031779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060400002948\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060400002948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060400002948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]}}}