{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T23:05:49Z","timestamp":1649199949239},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235692800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6054,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In wood engineering design, an important task is the derivation of a construct from site specific data. Human experts perform the task in two phases, first qualitatively and then quantitatively in a hierarchical fashion. COWEN (Computer Wood ENgineer) is a fully implemented research prototype expert system that performs the qualitative phase and makes two contributions to the technology of expert systems. The first contribution is a Knowledge Level specification of the task <jats:italic>prior<\/jats:italic> to considering Symbol Level implementation. This is important because expert systems have been defined as mostly symbolic processors in the literature. The second contribution is that this Knowledge Level specification has led to the conclusion that additional qualitative sciences, besides physics and geometry, are needed for an engineering task. This is an interesting discovery because qualitative reasoning research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has approached engineering design from the viewpoints of physics and geometry only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s089006040000305x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,31]],"date-time":"2010-03-31T13:47:59Z","timestamp":1270043279000},"page":"163-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deriving a construct from site specific data: a knowledge level analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Dimitropoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90110-6"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90040-7"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref019","unstructured":"Joskowicz L. and Addanki S. 1988. From kinematics to shape: an approach to innovative design. Proceedings of National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 347\u2013352."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref002","unstructured":"Alexander J. H. , Freiling M. J. , Shulman S. J. , Staley J. L. , Rehfuss S. and Messick S. L. 1986. Knowledge level engineering: ontological analysis. Proceedings of National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 963\u2013968."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref024","volume-title":"Fifth International Workshop on Qualitative Physics","author":"Nayak","year":"1991"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90111-V"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref005","volume-title":"Design of Wood Structures","author":"Breyer","year":"1980"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref003","volume-title":"The Handbook of AI","author":"Barr","year":"1981"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref006","unstructured":"Chandrasekaran B. 1987. Towards a functional architecture for intelligence based on generic information processing tasks. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1183\u20131192."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref013","unstructured":"Dormoy J. L. and Raiman O. 1988. Assembling a device. Proceedings of National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 330\u2013335."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref022","unstructured":"Mittal S. and Frayman F. 1989. Towards a generic model of configuration tasks. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1395\u20131401."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90115-Z"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-1810(87)90203-2"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref004","unstructured":"Brachman R. and Levesque H. 1986. Tales from the far side of KRYPTON. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Expert Database Systems, pp. 3\u201343."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref007","first-page":"183","article-title":"Generic tasks as building blocks for knowledge based systems: the diagnosis and routine design examples","volume":"4","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Knowledge Engineering Review"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90037-X"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90037-7"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref012","unstructured":"De Mori R. and Prager R. 1989. Perturbation analysis with qualitative models. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1180\u20131186."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-1810(90)90004-N"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref014","unstructured":"Doyle R. 1989. Reasoning about hidden mechanisms. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1343\u20131349."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref015","volume-title":"Wood: engineering design concepts","author":"Freas","year":"1986"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80089-5"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref018","unstructured":"Joskowicz L. 1989. Simplification and abstraction of kinematic behaviors. Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1337\u20131342."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09528138908953694"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref016","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Data Structures","author":"Horowitz","year":"1984"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref023","unstructured":"Murthy S. and Addanki S. 1987. PROMPT: An innovative design tool. Proceedings of National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 637\u2013642."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(82)90012-1"},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref028","unstructured":"Ulrich K. and Seering W. 1988. Function sharing in mechanical design. Proceedings of National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 342\u2013346."},{"key":"S089006040000305X_ref010","first-page":"285","volume-title":"Cognitive Skills and their Acquisition","author":"De Kleer","year":"1981"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S089006040000305X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]],"date-time":"2019-05-16T21:02:37Z","timestamp":1558040557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S089006040000305X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S089006040000305X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s089006040000305x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,8]]}}}