{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T21:55:12Z","timestamp":1702936512819},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]],"date-time":"2006-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Generative specifications have been used to systematically codify established styles in several design fields including architecture and product design. We examine how designers explore new designs in the early stages of product development as they manipulate and interpret shape representations. A model of exploration is proposed with four types of shape descriptions (contour, decomposition, structure, and design) and the results of the exploration are presented. Generative rules are used to provide consistent stylistic changes first within a given decomposition and second through changing the structure. Style expresses both the analytical order of explanation and the synthetic complexity of exploration. The model of exploration is consistent with observations of design practice. The application of generative design methods demonstrates a logical pattern for early stage design exploration. The model provides the basis for tools to assist designers in exploring families of designs in a style and for following new interpretations that move the exploration from one family to another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060406060173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,21]],"date-time":"2008-04-21T10:28:39Z","timestamp":1208773719000},"page":"201-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Shape exploration of designs in a style: Toward generation of product designs"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"PRATS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"EARL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"GARNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"JOWERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwa, M. , Gero, J. , & Purcell, T. (2000).Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements:important vehicles for a design process.Design Studies,21(6),539\u2013567.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(99)00034-4"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref026","unstructured":"Smith, C.S.A. (1981).A Search for Structure: Selected Essays on Science, Art andHistory.Cambridge, MA:MIT Press."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krstic, D. (2005).Shape decompositions and their algebras.Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis andManufacturing,19(4),261\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060405050183"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormack, J. & Cagan, J. (2002).Supporting designer's hierarchies through parametric shaperecognition.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,29(6),913\u2013931.","DOI":"10.1068\/b12839"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, J.P. (2005).Towards the mass customization of housing: the grammar ofSiza's houses at Malagueira.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,32(3),347\u2013380.","DOI":"10.1068\/b31124"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref013","unstructured":"Jowers, I. , Prats, M. , Earl, C. , & Garner, S. (2004).On curves and computation with shapes.Proc. Generative CAD'04 (GCAD'04), Carnegie Mellon,Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiny, G. (1994).Shape rules: closure, continuity, and emergence.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,21(Suppl.),S49\u2013S78.","DOI":"10.1068\/b21S049"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref024","unstructured":"Simon, H.A. (1975).Style in design. InSpatial Synthesis in Computer-Aided Building Design( Eastman, C.M. , Ed.),Vol. 9, pp.287\u2013309.London:Applied Science Publishers."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiny, G. (2006).Shape: Talking About Seeing and Doing.Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6201.001.0001"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwa, M. (2003).Constructive perception: coordinating perception and conceptiontoward acts of problem-finding in a creative experience.Japanese Psychological Research,45(4),221\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5884.00227"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loran, E. (1943).C\u00e9zanne's Composition.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520322202"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref004","unstructured":"Cappadona, F. , Goussard, J. , & Sutra, S. (2003).FIORES II: a quantitative approach of aesthetic notions.Collaborative Design MICAD Conf., Paris."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref014","unstructured":"Kepes, G. (1944).Language of Vision.Chicago:P. Theobald."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiny, G. & Mitchell, W.J. (1978).The Palladian grammar.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,5(1),5\u201318.","DOI":"10.1068\/b050005"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birkhoff, G.D. (1933).Aesthetic Measure.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674734470"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, C.S. (2000).Can style be measured? Design Studies,21(3),277\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(99)00011-3"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormack, J.P. , Cagan, J. , & Vogel, C.M. (2004).Speaking the Buick language: capturing, understanding, and exploringbrand identity with shape grammars.Design Studies,25(1),1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(03)00023-1"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref023","unstructured":"Schon, D.A. (1983).The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think inAction.New York:Basic Books."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnheim, R. (1974).Art and Visual Perception: A Psychology of the Creative Eye.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520351271"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwa, M. & Tversky, B. (1997).What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches?:a protocol analysis.Design Studies,18(4),385\u2013403.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(97)00008-2"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoover, S.P. , Rinderle, J.R. , & Finger, S. (1991).Models and abstractions in design.Design Studies,12(4),237\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(91)90039-Y"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapia, M. (1999).A visual implementation of a shape grammar system.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,26(1),59\u201373.","DOI":"10.1068\/b260059"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref009","unstructured":"Giannini, F. & Monti, M. (2002).An innovative approach to the aesthetic design.Common Ground\u2014The Design Research Society Conf., London."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koning, H. & Eizenberg, J. (1981).The language of the prairie\u2014Frank Lloyd Wright prairiehouses.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,8(3),295\u2013323.","DOI":"10.1068\/b080295"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref021","unstructured":"Prats, M. , Jowers, I. , Earl, C. , & Garner, S. (2004).Improving product design via a shape grammar tool.Proc. 8th Int. Design Conf., Dubrovnik, Croatia."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldschmidt, G. (1994).On visual design thinking: the vis kids of architecture.Design Studies,15(2),158\u2013174.","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(94)90022-1"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, M. , Seyranian, G.D. , & Hoffman, D. (1999).Parsing silhouettes: the short-cut rule.Perception and Psychophysics,61(4),636\u2013660.","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205536"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biederman, I. (1987).Recognition-by-components: a theory of human imageunderstanding.Psychological Review,94(2),115\u2013147.","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.2.115"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref029","unstructured":"Stiny, G. & Gips, J. (1978).Algorithmic Aesthetics: Computer Models for Criticism and Design inthe Arts.Berkeley, CA:University of California Press."},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, C.S. (1992).Exploring individual style in design.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,19(5),503\u2013523.","DOI":"10.1068\/b190503"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purcell, T. & Gero, J.S. (1998).Drawings and the design process.Design Studies,19(4),389\u2013430.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(98)00015-5"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirsch, J.L. & Kirsch, R.A. (1986).The structure of paintings: formal grammar and design.Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design,13(2),163\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1068\/b130163"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K. & Owen, C.L. (1998).A study of computer-supported formal design.Design Studies,19(3),331\u2013359.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(98)00002-7"},{"key":"S0890060406060173_ref011","unstructured":"Gombrich, E.H. (1960).Art and Illusion.New York:Pantheon Books."}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060406060173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T16:10:51Z","timestamp":1631117451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060406060173\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060406060173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060406060173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]}}}