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Genetic programming uses the Darwinian principle of natural selection and analogs of recombination (crossover), mutation, gene duplication, gene deletion, and certain mechanisms of developmental biology to progressively breed, over a series of many generations, an improved population of candidate solutions to a problem. This paper makes the points that genetic programming now routinely delivers human-competitive machine intelligence for problems of automated design and can serve as an automated invention machine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060408000127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]],"date-time":"2008-06-12T13:19:47Z","timestamp":1213276787000},"page":"185-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Human-competitive machine invention by means of genetic programming"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"John R.","family":"Koza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060408000127_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1993.1.3.213"},{"key":"S0890060408000127_ref70","first-page":"394","volume-title":"Genetic Programming 1996: Proc. 1st Annual Conf.","author":"Spector","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0890060408000127_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1110.001.0001","volume-title":"Advances in Genetic Programming 3","author":"Spector","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0890060408000127_ref66","first-page":"365","volume-title":"Genetic Programming 1998: Proc. 3rd Annual Conf.","author":"Spector","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0890060408000127_ref16","volume-title":"Proc. 2nd Int. 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