{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T07:49:36Z","timestamp":1743320976950},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]],"date-time":"2008-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1213228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present a case study showing a human-competitive design of an evolved antenna that was deployed on a NASA spacecraft in 2006. We were fortunate to develop our antennas in parallel with another group using traditional design methodologies. This allowed us to demonstrate that our techniques were human-competitive because our automatically designed antenna could be directly compared to a human-designed antenna. The antennas described below were evolved to meet a challenging set of mission requirements, most notably the combination of wide beamwidth for a circularly polarized wave and wide bandwidth. Two evolutionary algorithms were used in the development process: one used a genetic algorithm style representation that did not allow branching in the antenna arms; the second used a genetic programming style tree-structured representation that allowed branching in the antenna arms. The highest performance antennas from both algorithms were fabricated and tested, and both yielded very similar performance. Both antennas were comparable in performance to a hand-designed antenna produced by the antenna contractor for the mission, and so we consider them examples of human-competitive performance by evolutionary algorithms. Our design was approved for flight, and three copies of it were successfully flown on NASA's Space Technology 5 mission between March 22 and June 30, 2006. These evolved antennas represent the first evolved hardware in space and the first evolved antennas to be deployed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060408000164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]],"date-time":"2008-06-12T09:19:47Z","timestamp":1213262387000},"page":"235-247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Human-competitive evolved antennas"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Lohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Hornby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Derek S.","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.554232"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref9","volume-title":"Automated design and optimization of wire antennas using genetic algorithms","author":"Linden","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref11","first-page":"74","article-title":"Automating wire antenna design using genetic algorithms","volume":"39","author":"Linden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microwave Journal"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/74.382334"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/106454602320991837"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref1","volume-title":"New methods in genetic search with real-valued chromosomes","author":"Adewuya","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref10","article-title":"Wire antennas optimized in the presence of satellite structures using genetic algorithms","author":"Linden","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Aerospace Conf."},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/74.584498"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/22.238519"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/8.999619"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref5","author":"Burke","year":"1981","journal-title":"Numerical Electromagnetics Code (nec) Method of Moments"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref7","first-page":"103","article-title":"Genetic algorithm design of antenna arrays","volume":"1","author":"Haupt","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Aerospace Applications Conf."},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref12","article-title":"Increasing genetic algorithm efficiency for wire antenna design using clustering","author":"Linden","year":"2000","journal-title":"ACES Special Journal on Genetic Algorithms"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2002.1018333","article-title":"Evolutionary optimization of a quadrifilar helical antenna","volume":"3","author":"Lohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Antenna and Propagation Society Meeting"},{"key":"S0890060408000164_ref15","volume-title":"Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms","author":"Rahmat-Samii","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060408000164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T18:51:57Z","timestamp":1556650317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060408000164\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060408000164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060408000164","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,12]]}}}