{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T19:54:43Z","timestamp":1770148483366,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]],"date-time":"2012-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently available computer-aided design tools provide strong support for the later stages of product development processes where the structure and shape of the design have been fixed. Support for earlier stages of product development, when both the structure and shape of the design are still fluid, demands conceptual design tools that support designers' ways of thinking and working, and enhance creativity, for example, by offering design alternatives, difficult or not, possible without the use of such tools. The potential of spatial grammars as a technology to support such design tools has been demonstrated through experimental research prototypes since the 1970s. In this paper, we provide a review of recent spatial grammar implementations, which were presented in the Design Computing and Cognition 2010 workshop on which this paper is based, in the light of requirements for conceptual design tools and identify future research directions in both research and design education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060412000042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]],"date-time":"2012-04-20T12:31:44Z","timestamp":1334925104000},"page":"143-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Spatial grammar implementation: From theory to useable software"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"McKay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hau Hing","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(00)00101-1"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-2393-4_19"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060411000205"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref5","unstructured":"Chase S.C. (2010). Shape grammar implementations: the last 35 years. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/documents\/DCC2010grammarsworkshop-Chase-revised.pdf"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref21","volume-title":"CAAD Futures \u201893: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures","author":"Krishnamurti","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref8","unstructured":"DCC10-grammars. (2010). Shape grammar implementation: from theory to useable software. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/DCC10-SG-Implementation-Workshop.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2010.05.017"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref19","unstructured":"Jowers I. , & Earl C.F. (2010). QI\u2014a shape grammar interpreter for curved shapes. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/DCC-10-SG-Implementation-Workshop-Agenda.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref11","unstructured":"Gips J. (1999). Computer implementation of shape grammars. Proc. Workshop on Shape Computation, MIT. Accessed at http:\/\/www.shapegrammar.org\/implement.pdf"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref16","unstructured":"Iordanova I. , & Mueller V. (2010). Conceptual computational design tools. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www.grcao.umontreal.ca\/DCC2010-WS\/WS2010-concept-compu-tools.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b250205"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref7","unstructured":"Correia R.C. , Duarte J.P. , & Leit\u00e3o A.M. (2010). MALAG: a discursive grammar interpreter for the online generation of mass customized housing. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/DCC-10-SG-Implementation-Workshop-Agenda.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref2","volume-title":"Proc. AAAI Spring Symp","author":"Alber","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref3","unstructured":"Carlson C. (1993). Grammatical programming: an algebraic approach to the description of design spaces. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Architecture."},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref17","volume-title":"ISO10303-1: Industrial Automation Systems and Integration\u2014Product Data Representation and Exchange\u2014Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref10","unstructured":"Ertelt C. , & Shea K. (2010). Shape grammar implementation for machining planning. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/DCC-10-SG-Implementation-Workshop-Agenda.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref12","unstructured":"Heisserman J. (1991). Generative geometric design and boundary solid grammars. PhD Thesis. Carnegie Mellon University."},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.267469"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref14","volume-title":"Proc. Generative CAD Systems Symp. \u201804","author":"Heisserman","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref22","first-page":"717","volume-title":"Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia","author":"Li","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref23","first-page":"304","volume-title":"Designing for the 21st Century: Interdisciplinary Methods and Findings","author":"McKay","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-002-0013-1"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.1983.263271"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578998"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b260059"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref29","unstructured":"Trescak T. , Esteva M. , & Rodriguez I. (2010). Shape grammar interpreter for rectilinear forms. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010. Accessed at http:\/\/www2.mech-eng.leeds.ac.uk\/users\/men6am\/DCC-10-SG-Implementation-Workshop-Agenda.htm"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref18","unstructured":"Jowers I. (2006). Computation with curved shapes: towards freeform shape generation in design. PhD Thesis. Open University."},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-010-0088-z"},{"key":"S0890060412000042_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2004.07.013"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060412000042","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T21:50:19Z","timestamp":1556229019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060412000042\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060412000042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060412000042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,20]]}}}