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The method of protocol analysis was employed to study the cognitive behaviors that occurred while these designers were working in the PDE. By analyzing the way in which the designers shifted between \u201cproblem\u201d and \u201csolution\u201d spaces in the PDE, characteristics of the coevolutionary design process are identified and discussed. Results of this research include two potentially significant observations. First, the coevolution process occurs frequently within the design knowledge level (i.e., when using Rhino) and within the rule algorithm level (i.e., when using Grasshopper) of the parametric design process. Second, the designers\u2019 coevolution process was focused on the design knowledge level at the beginning of the design session, while they focused more on the rule algorithm level toward the end of the design session. These results support an improved understanding of the design process that occurs in PDEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060414000316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]],"date-time":"2014-07-14T10:31:29Z","timestamp":1405333889000},"page":"33-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Empirical support for problem\u2013solution coevolution in a parametric design environment"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ostwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Gero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060414000316_ref30","unstructured":"Lee J.H. , Gu N. , Jupp J. , & Sherratt S. (2012). 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