{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T12:53:50Z","timestamp":1765976030811},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]],"date-time":"2014-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The standard penetration test (SPT) is the most common test conducted in the field, and it is used to determine in situ properties of different soils. Although it is a matter of debate, these tests are also used for the determination of the consistency of fine-grained soils, whereby the test results can also be utilized to establish numerous empirical correlations to predict the strength of soils in the field. In this study, unsupervised clustering algorithms were employed to classify the SPT standard penetration resistance value (SPT-N) in the field. In this scope, shear strength and liquidity index parameters were used to classify the SPT-N values by taking the classification system of Terzaghi and Peck (1967) into consideration. The results showed that the input parameters were successful for classifying the SPT-N value to an acceptable degree of strength attribute. Therefore, in cases where the SPT tests are unreliable or could not be performed, laboratory tests on undisturbed specimens can give valuable information regarding the consistency and SPT-N value of the soil specimen under investigation. Data in this study is based on several tests that were conducted in a region; nevertheless, it is advised that the results of this study should be evaluated using global data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s089006041400033x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]],"date-time":"2014-07-14T06:31:25Z","timestamp":1405319485000},"page":"55-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation and use of clustering algorithms for standard penetration test data classification"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"A. Burak","family":"G\u00f6ktepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Selim","family":"Altun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Sezer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref36","volume-title":"Soil Engineering in Engineering Practice","author":"Terzaghi","year":"1967"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref34","volume-title":"Introductory Soil Mechanics and Foundations: Geotechnical Engineering","author":"Sowers","year":"1979"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref23","volume-title":"Algorithms for Fuzzy Clustering","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2008"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and fuzzy land classification and evaluation techniques in Oxfordshire, England","volume":"7","author":"Lanhai","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Agricultural Engineering Journal"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2005.01.008"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref6","volume-title":"ASTM Standard D1586-11. 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Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils","year":"2007"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJISE.2013.056678"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref1","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Penetration Testing, ISOPT-1","author":"Ajayi","year":"1988"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref22","first-page":"545","article-title":"Reliability of using standard penetration test (SPT) in predicting properties of silty clay with sand soil","volume":"3","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337288"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0450-1"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref31","first-page":"943","volume-title":"Proc. 5th Int. 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Penetration Testing, pp. 367\u2013375, Stockholm, June 5\u20137."},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"The standard penetration test: state of the art report","volume":"179","author":"D\u00e9court","year":"1990","journal-title":"Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Publication"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2004.05.009"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref28","volume-title":"Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications","author":"Ross","year":"1995"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref24","first-page":"1229","article-title":"SPT capability to estimate undrained shear strength of fine-grained soils of Tehran, Iran","volume":"16","author":"Nassaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref15","volume-title":"Neural Networks","author":"Haykin","year":"1996"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2013.07.028"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00197-2"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000016"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-2312(98)00030-7"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref37","volume-title":"Foundation Design and Construction","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1986"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref33","first-page":"59","article-title":"A study on corrections of SPT results in fine-grained soils","volume":"2","author":"Sivrikaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"ITU Dergisi\/d"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref25","unstructured":"Nixon I.K. (1982). Standard penetration test: state of the art report. Proc. 2nd European Symp. Penetration Testing, ESOPT, Amsterdam, May 24\u201327."},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2006.05.002"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref10","volume-title":"Principles of Geotechnical Engineering","author":"Das","year":"2001"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref19","volume-title":"Manual on Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design","author":"Kulhawy","year":"1990"},{"key":"S089006041400033X_ref29","volume-title":"The Penetrometer and Soil Exploration","author":"Sanglerat","year":"1972"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S089006041400033X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T00:28:45Z","timestamp":1555806525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S089006041400033X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S089006041400033X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s089006041400033x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,14]]}}}