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We distinguish this research by focusing on the interactions between local and architectural impulses in the form of designer mistakes and dissolution, division, and combination impulses, respectively, for a distributed design case study. We provide statistical support for the \u201cparallel character hypothesis,\u201d which asserts that parallel arrangements generally best mitigate dissolution and division impulses. We find that local impulses tend to slow convergence, but systems also subjected to dissolution or division impulses still favor parallel arrangements. We statistically uphold the conclusion that the strategy to mitigate combination impulses is unaffected by the presence of local impulses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060414000559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T11:02:51Z","timestamp":1412074971000},"page":"399-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the effectiveness of parallel systems in distributed design processes subjected to stochastic disruptions"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sourobh","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Devendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kemper","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref25","first-page":"400","article-title":"An examination of team effectiveness in distributed and co-located engineering teams","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref22","first-page":"43","article-title":"The second Toyota paradox: how delaying decisions can make better cars faster","volume":"36","author":"Ward","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1363610"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref16","volume-title":"Modern Control Engineering","author":"Ogata","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.J051895"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-5666"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/910209"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4004463"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2010-9027"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03052159208941227"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref20","volume-title":"Product Design and Development","author":"Ulrich","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1996-4157"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207720500219963"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.35776"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref18","first-page":"176","article-title":"Identifying controlling features of engineering design iteration","volume":"43","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Management Science"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/875697280103200305","article-title":"Planning concurrency and managing iteration in projects","volume":"32","author":"Denker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Project Management Journal"},{"key":"S0890060414000559_ref11","unstructured":"Engardio P. , & Einhorn B. 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(2004). Convergence and stability in distributed design of large systems. Proc. ASME Int. 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