{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:04:54Z","timestamp":1754111094639},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the use of similarities in the form of analogy, metaphor, and simile by students and reviewers in an undergraduate architectural design review. In contrast to studies conducted<jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>n vitro<\/jats:italic>settings, this study emphasizes the importance of studying analogies, metaphors, and similes in a natural setting. All similarity relationships were coded according to their type, the level of expertise, range, frequency, goal, value judgment, and depth. The results indicate that analogies, metaphors, and similes were used spontaneously and without any difficulty by both reviewers and students. Reviewers, however, were almost twice as likely to evoke similarities. Metaphor was the most frequently used similarity relationship among the three. It was found that there was a significant relationship between the level of expertise and type of similarity, with students more likely to use analogies and less likely to use similes. It was also found that goal is the most important factor, with a significant relation to all other variables, and that embodiment is often invoked in both students\u2019 and reviewers\u2019 metaphors. We conclude that design education should take full advantage of students\u2019 natural ability to benefit from similarity relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060418000057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T06:20:07Z","timestamp":1527661207000},"page":"69-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of analogies, metaphors, and similes by students and reviewers at an undergraduate architectural design review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fehmi","family":"Dogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Batuhan","family":"Taneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Livanur","family":"Erbil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195111095.001.0001"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060415000025"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b3196"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref28","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Metaphor: Problems and Perspectives","author":"Gentner","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1531-314X.2007.00092.x"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.1.35"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/applin\/24.2.145"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-1690.2004.00307.x"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S089006041000020X"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173865.013"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2004.05.004"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10227-017"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2012.06.005"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195939"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5885.2010.00725.x"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref43","first-page":"117","volume-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning","author":"Holyoak","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03211580"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926488.2001.9678896"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2012.11.006"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2162-6057.2011.tb01092.x"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2008.12.005"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2202_1"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200475"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref45","volume-title":"Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought","author":"Holyoak","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref40","first-page":"283","article-title":"Analogies and metaphors in creative design","volume":"24","author":"Hey","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b35073"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(91)90020-W"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4813-3_6"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-7051(00)00067-8"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10464883.1994.10734630"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2008.01.003"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/JDR.2004.009846"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref14a","first-page":"62","article-title":"The use of metaphors as design communication tools in an architectural team","volume":"4","author":"Casakin","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Architecture \u2013 The New ARCH"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-694X(98)00032-5"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref3","first-page":"147","article-title":"Metaphor and analogy: the Sun and Moon of legal persuasion","volume":"22","author":"Berger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of and Policy"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.39.1.47.18930"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/175630613X13328375149002"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-3973(99)00050-7"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1251.003.0013","volume-title":"The Analogical Mind: Perspectives From Cognitive Science","author":"Dunbar","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5204\/jld.v4i2.73"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01698-3"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref29","first-page":"107","volume-title":"A Companion to Cognitive Science","author":"Gentner","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.1.45"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref33","first-page":"314","volume-title":"The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences","author":"Gibbs","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90013-4"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref35","first-page":"535","volume-title":"The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences","author":"Glucksberg","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1251.003.0020","volume-title":"The Analogical Mind: Perspectives From Cognitive Science","author":"Hofstadter","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.1.3"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref38","first-page":"457","volume-title":"Analyzing Design Review Conversations","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.1.193"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1303_1"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060407000261"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref42","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","volume":"19","author":"Holyoak","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref48","volume-title":"The Body in the Mind: the Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason","author":"Johnson","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref51","volume-title":"Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought","author":"Lakoff","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060408000061"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/453819"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S089006041000034X"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7967.001.0001"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.86.3.161"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060415000037"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref63","volume-title":"Learning From Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form","author":"Venturi","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060411000047"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511529863.020"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511529863"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0890060410000077"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref60","first-page":"162","volume-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning","author":"Stern","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1251.001.0001"},{"key":"S0890060418000057_ref52","volume-title":"Towards a New Architecture","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060418000057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T04:32:10Z","timestamp":1720326730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060418000057\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060418000057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060418000057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]]}}}