{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:53:20Z","timestamp":1770742400371,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":93,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the past decade, engineering design research has seen a significant surge of the discussion of empathy. As such, design researchers have been devoted in devising and assessing empathic design activities. While prior research has examined the utility of empathic design experiences on driving creative concept generation, little is known about the role of a designer's empathic tendencies in driving creative concept generation and selection in an engineering design project. Without this knowledge, we cannot be sure if, when, or how empathy influences the design process. Thus, the main goal of this paper was to identify the role of trait empathy in creative concept generation and selection in an engineering design student project. In order to achieve this objective, a study was conducted with 103 first-year engineering students during two design stages of an 8-week design project (concept generation and concept selection). The main findings from this paper highlighted that empathic concern tendencies positively impacted the generation of more ideas while personal distress tendencies negatively impacted the generation of more ideas. During concept selection, perspective-taking tendencies positively impacted participants\u2019 propensity for selecting elegant ideas. This research took the first step in encouraging empirical investigations aimed at understanding the role of trait empathy across different stages of the design process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060421000196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T12:25:29Z","timestamp":1643804729000},"page":"369-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Empathic creativity: can trait empathy predict creative concept generation and selection?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6059-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alsager Alzayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scarlett R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"McComb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref11","first-page":"69","article-title":"The role of empathy in developing the leader's emotional intelligence","volume":"17","author":"Badea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theoretical and Applied Economics"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref23","first-page":"77","article-title":"Creativity and drawing abilities of Chinese students in Hong Kong: is there a connection?","volume":"55","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Horizons in Education"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref79","first-page":"189","article-title":"Integrating emotional intelligence into engineering education","volume":"2","author":"Riemer","year":"2003","journal-title":"World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref27","volume-title":"Residuals and Influence in Regression","author":"Cook","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2014.02.006","article-title":"The preference effect in design concept evaluation","volume":"35","author":"Nikander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Design Studies"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref74","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the effects of additive manufacturing education on students\u2019 engineering design process and its outcomes","volume":"142","author":"Prabhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731504270384","article-title":"Validation of the interpersonal reactivity index in a Chinese context","volume":"15","author":"Siu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-016-9573-7","article-title":"How heritable is empathy? Differential effects of measurement and subcomponents","volume":"40","author":"Melchers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Motivation and Emotion"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2015.03.001"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref101","unstructured":"Walther, J , Miller, SE and Kellam, NN (2012) Exploring the role of empathy in engineering communication through a transdisciplinary dialogue. Paper presented at the 119th ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref19","unstructured":"Buelin-Biesecker, J and Wiebe, E (2013) Can pedagogical strategies affect students\u2019 creativity? Testing a choice-based approach to design and problem-solving in technology, design, and engineering education. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2013 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref56","first-page":"79","article-title":"Uncovering workplace interpersonal skills: a review, framework, and research agenda","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref67","unstructured":"McLaren, K (2013) The Art of Empathy: A Complete Guide to Life's Most Essential Skill. Boulder, Colorado: Sounds True."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.44.1.113","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach","volume":"44","author":"Davis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref50","unstructured":"Hoffman, ML (1982) 11 The measurement of empathy. Paper presented at the Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children: Based on Seminars Sponsored by the Committee on Social and Affective Development During Childhood of the Social Science Research Council."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.4.420","article-title":"Empathy: misconceptions and misuses in psychotherapy","volume":"145","author":"Book","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/000306518102900201","article-title":"Empathy: its nature and limitations","volume":"29","author":"Buie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref22","first-page":"327","volume-title":"Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from Developmental Social Neuroscience","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref34","unstructured":"Duncan, GJ , Boisjoly, J , Levy, DM , Kremer, M and Eccles, J (2003) Empathy or Antipathy? The Consequences of Racially and Socially Diverse Peers on Attitudes and Behaviors. Work. Pap., Inst. Policy Res., Northwestern Univ., Chicago, IL"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-015-0207-y","article-title":"Creativity in design teams: the influence of personality traits and risk attitudes on creative concept selection","volume":"27","author":"Toh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research in Engineering Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985604","volume-title":"Regression Diagnostics","author":"Fox","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref31","unstructured":"Davis, MH (1980) A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/03080188.2018.1450928","article-title":"The bad things we do because of empathy","volume":"43","author":"Breithaupt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Science Reviews"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15187\/adr.2017.08.30.3.57"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5533-8_3","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Creativity","author":"Amabile","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014179","article-title":"The developmental origins of a disposition toward empathy: genetic and environmental contributions","volume":"8","author":"Knafo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1315592","article-title":"Evaluation of idea generation methods for conceptual design: effectiveness metrics and design of experiments","volume":"122","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051009","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4026951","article-title":"An experimental investigation of the effectiveness of empathic experience design for innovative concept generation","volume":"136","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J and Seepersad, CC (2007) Empathic lead users: the effects of extraordinary user experiences on customer needs analysis and product redesign. Paper presented at the ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2007-35302"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref41","first-page":"17","article-title":"AI EDAM at 20: artificial intelligence in designing","volume":"21","author":"Gero","year":"2007","journal-title":"AI EDAM"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2752\/175630611X12984592780005","article-title":"Designing with information and empathy: delivering human information to designers","volume":"14","author":"McGinley","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Design Journal"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030425","article-title":"Assessing dispositional empathy in adults: a French validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)","volume":"45","author":"Gilet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science\/Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725250","volume-title":"Robust Statistics","author":"Huber","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11218-011-9168-9","article-title":"The relationship between bullying, victimization, trait emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and empathy among preadolescents","volume":"15","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychology of Education"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref49","unstructured":"Hoffman, ML (1977) Empathy, its development and prosocial implications. Paper presented at the Nebraska symposium on motivation."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/2644448.2644451","article-title":"Journey mapping: a brief overview","volume":"2","author":"Howard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communication Design Quarterly Review"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2016.08.003"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref55","volume-title":"The Empathy Test, Form A","author":"Kerr","year":"1947"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326934crj1204_6","article-title":"Confirming the three-factor creative product analysis matrix model in an American sample","volume":"12","author":"Besemer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501735608","volume-title":"The Dark Sides of Empathy","author":"Breithaupt","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-012-0130-4","article-title":"Fuzzy decision support for tools selection in the core front end activities of new product development","volume":"24","author":"Achiche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Engineering Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4039338"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1390-y"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref91","unstructured":"Strayer, J (1987) Affective and cognitive perspectives on empathy. In Eisenberg NE and Strayer JS (eds), Empathy and Its Developmen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 218\u2013244."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref46","unstructured":"Hess, JL and Fila, ND (2016) The development and growth of empathy among engineering students. American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119154273.ch8"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref14","unstructured":"Battarbee, K (2004) Co-experience: Understanding User Experiences in Interaction. Helsinki, Finland: Aalto University."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2012.649237","article-title":"Beyond new and appropriate: who decides what is creative?","volume":"24","author":"Kaufman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinha, S , Chen, H-E , Meisel, NA and Miller, SR (2017) Does designing for additive manufacturing help us be more creative? An exploration in engineering design education. Paper presented at the ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2017-68274"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.47.1.69.10670","article-title":"The idea itself and the circumstances of its emergence as predictors of new product success","volume":"47","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5539\/ijbm.v8n3p122","article-title":"A multi-level conceptualization of empathy to explain how diversity increases group performance","volume":"8","author":"Roberge","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Business and Management"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, CM , Yilmaz, S , Daly, SR , Seifert, CM and Gonzalez, R (2015) Idea generation through empathy: reimagining the \u2018cognitive walkthrough\u2019. American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, Seattle, WA. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18260\/p.24208","DOI":"10.18260\/p.24208"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref29","unstructured":"Dam, RF and Teo, YS (2017) Define and Frame Your Design Challenge by Creating Your Point of View and Ask \u201cHow Might We\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.interaction-design.org\/literature\/article\/define-and-frame-your-design-challenge-by-creating-your-point-of-view-and-ask-how-might-we."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref93","unstructured":"Surma-aho, AO , Bj\u00f6rklundKatja, TA and Holtta-Otto, K (2018 a) An analysis of designer empathy in the early phases of design projects. Paper presented at the NordDesign 2018."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.023","article-title":"The genetic and environmental origins of emotional and cognitive empathy: review and meta-analyses of twin studies","volume":"114","author":"Abramson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref26","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref48","first-page":"1236","article-title":"The relationship between empathic and innovative tendencies among engineering students","volume":"32","author":"Hess","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref76","volume-title":"Creating Innovative Products Using Total Design","author":"Pugh","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199964772.003.0004","volume-title":"Prosocial Development: A Multidimensional Approach","author":"Fortuna","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543753.016","volume-title":"Empathy in Mental Illness","author":"Anckars\u00e4ter","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/DESI_a_00249"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1348\/000712609X414204","article-title":"The selection of creative ideas after individual idea generation: choosing between creativity and impact","volume":"101","author":"Rietzschel","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Genco, N , Johnson, D , Holtta-Otto, K and Seepersad, CC (2011) A study of the effectiveness of the empathic experience design creativity technique. Paper presented at the ASME IDETC Design Theory and Methodology Conference, Washington, DC.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2011-48256"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/19378629.2013.814136","article-title":"Empathy and care within engineering: qualitative perspectives from engineering faculty and practicing engineers","volume":"5","author":"Strobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Engineering Studies"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref94","unstructured":"Surma-aho, AO , Bj\u00f6rklundKatja, TA and Holtta-Otto, K (2018 b) Assessing the development of empathy and innovation attitudes in a project-based engineering design course. Paper presented at the 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021106","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4042081","article-title":"Is ownership bias bad? The influence of idea goodness and creativity on design professionals concept selection practices","volume":"141","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.43.3.261"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref37","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Learning and Collective Creativity: Activity-Theoretical and Sociocultural Studies","author":"Fischer","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raviselvam, S , Sanaei, R , Blessing, L , H\u00f6ltt\u00e4-Otto, K and Wood, KL (2017) Demographic factors and their influence on designer creativity and empathy evoked through user extreme conditions. Paper presented at the ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2017-68380"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref84","unstructured":"Schmitt, E and Morkos, B (2016) Teaching Students Designer Empathy in Senior Capstone Design. Capstone Design Conference, June 6-8, Columbus, OH."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4048624"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10798-004-1904-4","article-title":"Creativity in design engineering and the role of knowledge: modelling the expert","volume":"15","author":"Christiaans","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology and Design Education"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref75","unstructured":"Problem Statements - Sustainable Development Goal 3 (2020) https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/SDG3_ProblemStatement_pdf\/11825748."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12350","article-title":"Autism and the double empathy problem: implications for development and mental health","volume":"39","author":"Mitchell","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzayed, MA (2019) An Exploration of the Role of Student Empathy in Engineering Design Education. Paper presented at the 2019 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE).","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE43999.2019.9028447"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04540.x"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2379298116634738"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.43.5.997"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2005.04.005","article-title":"Productivity is not enough: a comparison of interactive and nominal brainstorming groups on idea generation and selection","volume":"42","author":"Rietzschel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890903510399","article-title":"Measuring empathy in couples: validity and reliability of the interpersonal reactivity index for couples","volume":"92","author":"P\u00e9loquin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Assessment"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref71","volume-title":"Division for Sustainable Development Goals","author":"Nam","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030508"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref4","unstructured":"Alsager Alzayed, M , Miller, S and McComb, C (2020) Does empathy beget creativity? Investigating the role of trait empathy in idea generation and selection. Paper presented at the Design Computing and Cognition, Atlanta, Georgia."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262012973.003.0002"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref82","unstructured":"Ritter, SC and Bilen, SG (2019) EDSGN 100: a first-year cornerstone engineering design course. Paper presented at the 2019 FYEE Conference."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00163-015-0212-1"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsc.2010.06.001"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19128\/turje.306499"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"031404","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4049061","article-title":"How should we measure creativity in engineering design? A comparison between social science and engineering approaches","volume":"143","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/001100007500500205","article-title":"Empathy in relation to social cognitive development","volume":"5","author":"Shantz","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Counseling Psychologist"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, X (2018) From 'Empathic Design' to 'Empathic Engineering': Toward a Genealogy of Empathy in Engineering Education. ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, pp. 24\u201327.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--30538"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000220"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"062001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4042154","article-title":"Does the preferences for creativity scale predict engineering students\u2019 ability to generate and select creative design alternatives?","volume":"141","author":"Toh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12121597","article-title":"Impact of maternal depression across the first 6 years of life on the child's mental health, social engagement, and empathy: the moderating role of oxytocin","volume":"170","author":"Apter-Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fila, ND and Hess, JL (2016) In their shoes: Student perspectives on the connection between empathy and engineering. American Society of Engineering Education Conference and Exposition. New Orleans, LA, pp. 26\u201329.","DOI":"10.18260\/p.25640"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref47","unstructured":"Hess, J , Fila, N , Purzer, S and Strobel, J (2015) Exploring the relationship between empathy and innovation among engineering students. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Annual Conference and Exposition, Seattle, WA."},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:OPTE.0000048538.35456.45"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, B , Silva, W , Oliveira, EA Jr and Conte, T (2015) Designing personas with empathy map. Paper presented at the SEKE.","DOI":"10.18293\/SEKE2015-152"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4042426","article-title":"Expanding the solution space in engineering design education: A simulation-based investigation of product dissection","volume":"141","author":"Alsager Alzayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Mechanical Design"},{"key":"S0890060421000196_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2016-59602"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0890060421000196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T05:09:57Z","timestamp":1665637797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0890060421000196\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0890060421000196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0890060421000196","relation":{},"ISSN":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0890-0604","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-1760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}