{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:58:27Z","timestamp":1747173507495,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Literature suggests that people typically understand knowledge by induction and produce knowledge by synthesis. This paper revisits the various modes of reasoning \u2013 explanatory abduction, innovative abduction, deduction, and induction \u2013 that have been proposed by earlier researchers as crucial modes of reasoning underlying the design process. First, our paper expands earlier work on abductive reasoning \u2013 an essential mode of reasoning involved in the process of synthesis \u2013 by understanding its role with the help of the \u201cSAPPhIRE\u201d model of causality. The explanations of abductive reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model have been compared with those using existing models. Second, the paper captures and analyzes various modes of reasoning during design synthesis with the help of the \u201cExtended Integrated Model of Designing\u201d. The analysis of participants' verbal speech and outcomes shows the model's ability to explain the various modes of reasoning that occur in design. The results indicate the above models to provide a more extensive account of reasoning in design synthesis. Earlier empirical validation of both the models lends further support to the claim of their explanatory capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060421000214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T02:01:00Z","timestamp":1640570460000},"page":"384-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analyzing the modes of reasoning in design using the SAPPhIRE model of causality and the Extended Integrated Model of Designing"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4823-7360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apoorv Naresh","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anubhab","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaresh","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications","year":"2005","author":"Anderson","key":"S0890060421000214_ref3"},{"key":"S0890060421000214_ref28","first-page":"pp. 7","article-title":"An extended, integrated model of designing","author":"Ranjan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of TMCE, Karlsruhe"},{"key":"S0890060421000214_ref27","volume-title":"Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce","volume":"2","author":"Peirce","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0890060421000214_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2003.10.010"},{"key":"S0890060421000214_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-007-9223-4","article-title":"Patterns of abduction","volume":"164","author":"Schurz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"volume-title":"Prospectus for an Engineering Design Center","year":"1965","author":"Reswick","key":"S0890060421000214_ref29"},{"key":"S0890060421000214_ref4","unstructured":"Archer, LB (1984) Systematic Method for Designers: Developments in Design Methodology. 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