{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:39:43Z","timestamp":1781534383024,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":231,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024CX06121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CX06121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIEDAM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study is to explore how large language models (LLMs) integrated with structured versus unstructured concept generation techniques (CGTs) influence designers\u2019 creative thinking processes and outputs. Using human\u2013human collaboration (HHC) as a baseline, a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 mixed factorial design was adopted to investigate the effects of collaborator type (between-subjects: LLM-based agents vs. experienced designers) and CGT type (within-subjects: brainstorming vs. TRIZ). Two LLM-based agents, IntelliStorm and EvoluTRIZ, were developed for the study, with 32 participants randomly assigned to either the HHC or human\u2013agent collaboration (HAC) groups. Brain activity was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, while outputs were assessed through expert evaluations. Results showed that designers exhibited lower cognitive load, better cognitive resource coordination, and enhanced fluency and flexibility in thinking in HAC than in HHC. Moreover, distinct patterns were revealed in different CGTs: brainstorming activated the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as the core connectivity region, enhancing ideational fluency, whereas TRIZ activated the left dorsolateral PFC, facilitating refined thinking. Although HAC demonstrated stronger overall performance, HHC retained unique advantages in originality. This research offers novel neuroscientific insights and provides evidence-based guidance for developing more effective LLM-based design agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0890060425100097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T06:27:52Z","timestamp":1755671272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparing TRIZ and brainstorming in human\u2013agent design collaboration: effects on cognitive processes and performance"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4380-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijun","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoshuai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinheng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanbo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaize","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuandong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Everloyal Technology Co., Ltd"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qzpec27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Shenzhen Technology University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0890060425100097_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2023-109087"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4502"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2009.12.004"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.02.004"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-87617-2_14"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r52","volume-title":"The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-TTCT Manual and Scoring Guide: Verbal Test A Figural Test","author":"Torrance","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00006"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Cognitive load theory and the role of learner experience: An abbreviated review for educational practitioners","volume":"16","author":"Artino","year":"2008","journal-title":"AACE Journal"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196731"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.09.014"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003423560"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.12.002"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40858-3"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2021.101044"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2003.10.010"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1699"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00173"},{"key":"S0890060425100097_r46","volume-title":"Applied Imagination; 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