{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T22:12:40Z","timestamp":1775081560086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4535,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vis Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ganglion cells of the primate retina include two major anatomical and functional classes: P cells which project to the four parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and M cells which project to the two magnocellular layers. The characteristics of the P-cell receptive field are central to understanding early form and color vision processing (Kaplan et al., 1990; Schiller &amp; Logothetis, 1990). In this and in the following paper, P-cell dynamics are <jats:italic>systematically<\/jats:italic> analyzed in terms of linear and nonlinear response properties. Stimuli that favor either the center or the surround of the receptive field were produced on a CRT and modulated with a broadband signal composed of multiple m-sequences (Benardete et al., 1992<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>; Benardete &amp; Victor, 1994). The first-order responses were calculated and analyzed in this paper (part I). The findings are: (1) The first-order responses of the center and surround depend linearly on contrast. (2) The dynamics of the center and surround are well described by a bandpass filter model. The most significant difference between center and surround dynamics is a delay of approximately 8 ms in the surround response. (3) In the LGN, these responses are attenuated and delayed by an additional 1\u20135 ms. (4) The spatial transfer function of the P cell in response to drifting sine gratings at three temporal frequencies was measured. This independent method confirmed the delay between the (first-order) responses of the center and surround. This delay accounts for the dependence of the spatial transfer function on the frequency of stimulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523800008853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T11:15:16Z","timestamp":1243941316000},"page":"169-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["The receptive field of the primate P retinal ganglion cell, I: Linear dynamics"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ethan A.","family":"Benardete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(83)90161-X"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref050","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Nonlinear Vision: Determination of Neural Receptive Fields, Function, and Networks","author":"Sutter","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.9.001889"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2560"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015499"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015498"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1992.sp019413"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90074-4"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(74)90147-3"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.12.000456"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.1.206","article-title":"Spatial and temporal response properties of lagged and nonlagged cells in cat lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"64","author":"Saul","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00240504"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010947"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref044","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Comparative Primate Biology, 4, Neurosciences","author":"Rodieck","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.109925"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.56.000966"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9024-5_4"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/182728b0"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1966.29.6.1115","article-title":"Spatial and chromatic interactions in the lateral genicolate body of the rhesus monkey","volume":"29","author":"Wiesel","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014333"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref002","first-page":"1410","article-title":"Temporal properties of primate P retinal ganglion cells investigated with a new discrete multi-level stimulus","volume":"33","author":"Benardete","year":"1992","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016531"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.158.3799.392"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(74)90116-3"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90109-3"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011086"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014457"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.89.4.599"},{"key":"S0952523800008853_ref003","unstructured":"Benardete E. 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