{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:05:16Z","timestamp":1779836716518,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,7]],"date-time":"2008-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226016000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4573,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Prog."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We have developed a simple algebraic approach to music description and composition called\n                    <jats:italic>Haskore<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this framework, musical objects consist of primitive notions such as notes and rests, operations to transform musical objects such as transpose and tempo-scaling, and operations to combine musical objects to form more complex ones, such as concurrent and sequential composition. When these simple notions are embedded into a functional language such as Haskell, rather complex musical relationships can be expressed clearly and succinctly. Exploiting the algebraic properties of Haskore, we have further defined a notion of\n                    <jats:italic>literal performance<\/jats:italic>\n                    (devoid of articulation) through which\n                    <jats:italic>observationally equivalent<\/jats:italic>\n                    musical objects can be determined. With this basis many useful properties can be proved, such as commutative, associative, and distributive properties of various operators. An algebra of music thus surfaces.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0956796800001805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,7]],"date-time":"2008-11-07T11:10:59Z","timestamp":1226056259000},"page":"465-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Haskore music notation \u2013 An algebra of music \u2013"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Hudak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Makucevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syam","family":"Gadde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Whong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3679914"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref017","unstructured":"Orlarey O. , Fober D. , Letz S. and Bilton M. (1994) Lambda calculus and music calculi. Proc. Int. Computer Music Conference.International Computer Music Association."},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref016","first-page":"107","volume-title":"The Well-Tempered Object","author":"Jaffe","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref015","unstructured":"Midi 1.0 detailed specification: Document version 4.1.1, February 1990."},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref014","volume-title":"Computer Generated Music","author":"Haus","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref009","unstructured":"Hudak P. and Berger J. (1995) A model of performance, interaction, and improvisation. Proc. Int. Computer Music Conference.International Computer Music Association."},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref008","volume-title":"The Structure of Atonal Music","author":"Forte","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref012","volume-title":"Elementary Training for Musicians","author":"Hindemith","year":"1949"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/130697.130698"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref003","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Understanding Music With AI","author":"Balaban","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0956796800000915"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref007","volume-title":"Computer Generated Music","author":"Dannenberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref004","unstructured":"Collinge D. (1984) Moxie: A languge for computer music performance. Proc. Int. Computer Music Conference, pp. 217\u2013220. Computer Music Association."},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref001","volume-title":"Computer Generated Music","author":"Anderson","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson P. (1982) Functional geometry. Proc. ACM Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programmming.ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/800068.802148"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/130697.130699","article-title":"Report on the Programming Language Haskell, A Non-strict Purely Functional Language (Version 1.2)","volume":"27","author":"Hudak","year":"1992","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref019","volume-title":"Csound: A manual for the audio processing system and supporting programs","author":"Vercoe","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cointe P. and Rodet X. (1984) Formes: an object and time oriented system for music composition and synthesis. Proc. ACM Symposium on Lisp and Functional Programmming, pp. 85\u201395. ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/800055.802024"},{"key":"S0956796800001805_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3679854"}],"container-title":["Journal of Functional Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0956796800001805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T22:35:24Z","timestamp":1779834924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0956796800001805\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0956796800001805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0956796800001805","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-7968","1469-7653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-7968","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}}}