{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:33:15Z","timestamp":1791567195394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,12]],"date-time":"2001-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":987033600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Funct. Prog."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although detractors of functional programming sometimes claim that functional programming \nis too difficult or counter-intuitive for most programmers to understand and use, evidence \nto the contrary can be found by looking at the popularity of spreadsheets. The spreadsheet \nparadigm, a first-order subset of the functional programming paradigm, has found wide \nacceptance among both programmers and end users. Still, there are many limitations with \nmost spreadsheet systems. In this paper, we discuss language features that eliminate several \nof these limitations without deviating from the first-order, declarative evaluation model. \nThe language used to illustrate these features is a research language called Forms\/3. Using \nForms\/3, we show that procedural abstraction, data abstraction and graphics output can be \nsupported in the spreadsheet paradigm. We show that, with the addition of a simple model of \ntime, animated output and GUI I\/O also become viable. To demonstrate generality, we also \npresent an animated Turing machine simulator programmed using these features. Throughout \nthe paper, we combine our discussion of the programming language characteristics with \nhow the language features prototyped in Forms\/3 relate to what is known about human \neffectiveness in programming.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0956796800003828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T12:20:22Z","timestamp":1567426822000},"page":"155-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Forms\/3: A first-order visual language to explore the boundaries of the spreadsheet paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"MARGARET","family":"BURNETT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOHN","family":"ATWOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"REBECCA","family":"WALPOLE DJANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAMES","family":"REICHWEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HERKIMER","family":"GOTTFRIED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHERRY","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,12]]},"container-title":["Journal of Functional Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0956796800003828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T22:35:35Z","timestamp":1779834935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0956796800003828\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0956796800003828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0956796800003828","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-7968","1469-7653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-7968","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}}}