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A total of 24 elementary students, ranging in age from ten to twelve, were enrolled in English lessons. A pre-test\/post-test design was used to investigate the cognitive effects of the RALL approach on the students\u2019 oral skills. No significant difference in the listening skill was found, but the speaking skills improved with a large effect size at the significance level of 0.01. Descriptive statistics and the pre-test\/post-test design were used to investigate the affective effects of RALL approach. The result showed that RALL promoted and improved students\u2019 satisfaction, interest, confidence, and motivation at the significance level of 0.01.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0958344010000273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]],"date-time":"2011-01-05T15:45:44Z","timestamp":1294242344000},"page":"25-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["On the effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Language Learning"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sungjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyungjong","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyusong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary Geunbae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongdae","family":"Sagong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munsang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0958344010000273_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.1993.tb01147.x"},{"key":"S0958344010000273_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wada K. , Shibata T. , Saito T. 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