{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:51:11Z","timestamp":1767016271376,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Combinator. Probab. Comp."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We show that many graphs with bounded treewidth can be described as subgraphs of the strong product of a graph with smaller treewidth and a bounded-size complete graph. To this end, define the <jats:italic>underlying treewidth<\/jats:italic> of a graph class <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline1.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$\\mathcal{G}$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> to be the minimum non-negative integer <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline2.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$c$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> such that, for some function <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline3.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$f$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>, for every graph <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline4.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$G \\in \\mathcal{G}$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> there is a graph <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline5.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline6.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$\\textrm{tw}(H) \\leqslant c$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> such that <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline7.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$G$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> is isomorphic to a subgraph of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline8.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H \\boxtimes K_{f(\\textrm{tw}(G))}$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. We introduce disjointed coverings of graphs and show they determine the underlying treewidth of any graph class. Using this result, we prove that the class of planar graphs has underlying treewidth <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline9.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$3$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>; the class of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline10.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$K_{s,t}$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-minor-free graphs has underlying treewidth <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline11.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$s$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> (for <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline12.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$t \\geqslant \\max \\{s,3\\}$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>); and the class of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline13.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$K_t$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>-minor-free graphs has underlying treewidth <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline14.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$t-2$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. In general, we prove that a monotone class has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if it excludes some fixed topological minor. We also study the underlying treewidth of graph classes defined by an excluded subgraph or excluded induced subgraph. We show that the class of graphs with no <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline15.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> subgraph has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if every component of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline16.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> is a subdivided star, and that the class of graphs with no induced <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline17.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> subgraph has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if every component of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0963548323000457_inline18.png\"\/><jats:tex-math>\n$H$\n<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> is a star.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0963548323000457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T05:23:26Z","timestamp":1701926606000},"page":"351-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Product structure of graph classes with bounded treewidth"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Rutger","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Clinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Distel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Pascal","family":"Gollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hendrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hickingbotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6908-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5350-2379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddie","family":"Illingworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8890-683X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youri","family":"Tamitegama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-0374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0963548323000457_ref28","article-title":"Planar graphs have bounded nonrepetitive chromatic number","volume":"5","author":"Dujmovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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