{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T04:05:00Z","timestamp":1750478700636,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]],"date-time":"2004-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097452800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Lang. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present the <jats:sc>RAGS<\/jats:sc> (Reference Architecture for Generation Systems) framework, a specification of an abstract Natural Language Generation (NLG) system architecture to support sharing, re-use, comparison and evaluation of NLG technologies. We argue that the evidence from a survey of actual NLG systems calls for a different emphasis in a reference proposal from that seen in similar initiatives in information extraction and multimedia interfaces. We introduce the framework itself, in particular the two-level data model that allows us to support the complex data requirements of NLG systems in a flexible and coherent fashion, and describe our efforts to validate the framework through a range of implementations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324904003456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T17:34:18Z","timestamp":1097688858000},"page":"227-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Reference Architecture for Generation Systems"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"CHRIS","family":"MELLISH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MIKE","family":"REAPE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DONIA","family":"SCOTT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LYNNE","family":"CAHILL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROGER","family":"EVANS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DANIEL","family":"PAIVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,11]]},"container-title":["Natural Language Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1351324904003456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T17:24:37Z","timestamp":1750440277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1351324904003456\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1351324904003456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1351324904003456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1351-3249"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8110"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}