{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T06:40:21Z","timestamp":1685947221082},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]],"date-time":"2011-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Lang. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In dialogue systems it is important to label the dialogue turns with dialogue-related meaning. Each turn is usually divided into segments and these segments are labelled with dialogue acts (DAs). A DA is a representation of the functional role of the segment. Each segment is labelled with one DA, representing its role in the ongoing discourse. The sequence of DAs given a dialogue turn is used by the dialogue manager to understand the turn. Probabilistic models that perform DA labelling can be used on segmented or unsegmented turns. The last option is more likely for a practical dialogue system, but it provides poorer results. In that case, a hypothesis for the number of segments can be provided to improve the results. We propose some methods to estimate the probability of the number of segments based on the transcription of the turn. The new labelling model includes the estimation of the probability of the number of segments in the turn. We tested this new approach with two different dialogue corpora:<jats:sc>SwitchBoard<\/jats:sc>and<jats:sc>Dihana<\/jats:sc>. The results show that this inclusion significantly improves the labelling accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s135132491000032x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]],"date-time":"2011-02-14T09:28:53Z","timestamp":1297675733000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Estimating the number of segments for improving dialogue act labelling"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"VICENT","family":"TAMARIT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"CARLOS-D.","family":"MART\u00cdNEZ-HINAREJOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"JOS\u00c9-MIGUEL","family":"BENED\u00cd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6821-8"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref24","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Spoken Language Understanding","author":"Webb","year":"2005"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120100561737"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2308(91)90019-M"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref20","unstructured":"Schatzmann J. , Thomson B. and Young S. 2007. Statistical user simulation with a hidden agenda. In Proceedings of the SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, pp. 273\u201382."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref1","first-page":"1061","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference of Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processings","author":"Ang","year":"2005"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref17","first-page":"299","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference in Computational Semantics IWCS8","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Hinarejos","year":"2009"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref15","unstructured":"Levin L. , Ries K. , Thym\u00e9-Gobbel A. , and Levie A. 1999. Tagging of speech acts and dialogue games in Spanish call home. In Workshop: Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging, pp. 42\u20137."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1273073.1273146"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref3","unstructured":"Bened\u00ed J. M. , Lleida E. , Varona A. , Castro M. J. , Galiano I. , Justo R. , L\u00f3pez de Letona I. , and Miguel A. 2006. Design and acquisition of a telephone spontaneous speech dialogue corpus in Spanish: Dihana. In Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1636\u20139."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2000.0593"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref2","first-page":"583","volume-title":"Proceeding of 10th International Conference on Speech and Computer (SPECOM)","author":"Alc\u00e1cer","year":"2005"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2008.05.011"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref5","article-title":"Context and dialogue control","volume":"3","author":"Bunt","year":"1994","journal-title":"THINK Quarterly"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref4","unstructured":"Bisani M. and Ney H. 2004. Bootstrap estimates for confidence intervals in asr performance evaluation. In Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2004. Proceedings. (ICASSP '04). IEEE International Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 1:I\u2013409\u201312."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.57687"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Spoken Language Translation, ACL\/EACL-97","author":"Lavie","year":"1997"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref11","first-page":"517","volume-title":"Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE International Conference on","author":"Godfrey","year":"1992"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref13","unstructured":"Jurafsky D. , Shriberg E. and Biasca D. 1997. Switchboard SWBD-DAMSL shallow discourse function annotation coders manual - draft 13. Technical Report 97-01, University of Colorado Institute of Cognitive Science."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6393(97)00040-X"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.713","article-title":"An application of reinforcement learning to dialogue strategy selection in a spoken dialogue system for email","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref6","unstructured":"Core M. G. and Allen J. F. 2007. Coding dialogues with the DAMSL annotation scheme. In Fall Symposium on Communicative Action in Humans and Machines. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, pp. 28\u201335."},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukada T. , Koll D. , Waibel A. and Tanigaki K. 1998. Probabilistic dialogue act extraction for concept based multilingual translation systems. ICSLP 98 2771\u20134.","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.1998-579"},{"key":"S135132491000032X_ref16","volume-title":"Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing","author":"Manning","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Natural Language Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S135132491000032X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T06:22:35Z","timestamp":1685946155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S135132491000032X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S135132491000032X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s135132491000032x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-3249","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,14]]}}}