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In this paper, we propose three novel methods\u2014two rule-based methods and one machine learning approach\u2014to identify synonyms from definition texts in a machine-readable dictionary. Extracted synonyms are evaluated in two extrinsic experiments and one intrinsic experiment. Evaluation results show that our pattern-based approach achieves best performance in one of the experiments and satisfactory results in the other, comparable to corpus-based state-of-the-art results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324911000210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,11]],"date-time":"2011-07-11T10:35:32Z","timestamp":1310380532000},"page":"313-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring patterns in dictionary definitions for synonym extraction"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"TONG","family":"WANG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GRAEME","family":"HIRST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref39","first-page":"866","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Van der Plas","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref36","volume-title":"Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases","author":"Roget","year":"1911"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref32","first-page":"594","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Navigli","year":"2009"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref30","first-page":"982","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Mohammad","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref29","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Mohammad","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-009-9084-1"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref24","first-page":"768","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Lin","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1351324911000210_ref2","unstructured":"Amsler R. 1980. 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