{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T04:57:38Z","timestamp":1666673858141},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nat. Lang. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere and temporally anchor this spatial information. We present an in-depth corpus analysis comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. Experiments show that working with syntactic dependencies instead of semantic roles allows us to generate more potential entity-related spatial knowledge and obtain better results in a realistic scenario, that is, with predicted linguistic information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324920000212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T09:06:28Z","timestamp":1589965588000},"page":"519-543","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporally anchored spatial knowledge: Corpora and experiments"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alakananda","family":"Vempala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1621969.1621988"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref19","unstructured":"Meyers, A. Reeves, R. Macleod, C. Szekely, R. Zielinska, V. Young, B. and Grishman, R. (2004). Annotating noun argument structure for nombank. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2004)."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1142"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.69.066138"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vempala, A. and Blanco, E. (2016c). Complementing semantic roles with temporally anchored spatial knowledge: crowdsourced annotations and experiments. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 2652\u20132658.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10331"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-1527"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref23","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref8","unstructured":"Gerber, M. and Chai, J. (2010). Beyond NomBank: a study of implicit arguments for nominal predicates. In Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Uppsala, Sweden. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1583\u20131592."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref11","unstructured":"Kolomiyets, O. Kordjamshidi, P. Moens, M.-F. and Bethard, S. (2013). Semeval-2013 task 3: spatial role labeling. In Second Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM), Volume 2: Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2013). Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 255\u2013262."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089120102760275983"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2050104.2050105"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Marneffe, M.-C. and Manning, C.D. (2008). Stanford Typed Dependencies Manual. Technical report, Stanford University.","DOI":"10.3115\/1608858.1608859"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref24","unstructured":"Pradhan, S. Ramshaw, L. Marcus, M. Palmer, M. Weischedel, R. and Xue, N. (2011). CoNLL-2011 shared task: modeling unrestricted coreference in OntoNotes. In Proceedings of the Fifteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning: Shared Task, Portland, Oregon, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 1\u201327."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref7","unstructured":"Garrido, G. Pe\u00f1as, A. Cabaleiro, B. and Rodrigo, A. (2012). Temporally anchored relation extraction. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Long Papers - Volume 1, ACL \u201912, Stroudsburg, PA, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 107\u2013116."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1690219.1690287"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref15","unstructured":"Loaiciga, S. Meyer, T. and Popescu-Belis, A. (2014). English-french verb phrase alignment in europarl for tense translation modeling. In The Ninth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, number EPFL-CONF-198442."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/S15-1006"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref34","unstructured":"Weischedel, R. Hovy, E. Marcus, M. Palmer, M. Belvin, R. Pradhan, S. Ramshaw, L. and Xue, N. (2011). OntoNotes: a large training corpus for enhanced processing. In Pradhan S. (ed), Handbook of Natural Language Processing and Machine Translation. Portland, Oregon, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, Springer, 59. Available at https:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/volumes\/W11-19\/."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref25","unstructured":"Roberts, K. Skinner, M.A. and Harabagiu, S.M. (2013). Recognizing spatial containment relations between event mentions. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2013) \u2013 Long Papers, Potsdam, Germany. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 216\u2013227."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1082"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref29","unstructured":"Vempala, A. and Blanco, E. (2016a). Annotating temporally-anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes semantic roles. In LREC."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref17","first-page":"313","article-title":"Building a large annotated corpus of english: the penn treebank","volume":"19","author":"Marcus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref27","unstructured":"Surdeanu, M. (2013). Overview of the TAC2013 knowledge base population evaluation: English slot filling and temporal slot filling. In Proceedings of the TAC-KBP 2013 Workshop."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref4","unstructured":"Davidov, D. and Rappoport, A. (2008). Classification of semantic relationships between nominals using pattern clusters. In Proceedings of ACL-08: HLT, Columbus, Ohio. Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 227\u2013235."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/N15-1048"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref28","first-page":"372","article-title":"Automatic interpretation of the english possessive","author":"Tratz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Linguistics"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref33","unstructured":"Weischedel, R. and Brunstein, A. (2005). BBN Pronoun Coreference and Entity Type Corpus. Technical report, Linguistic Data Consortium, Philadelphia."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0891201053630264"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/coli.2008.34.2.145"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref22","unstructured":"Pan, F. Mulkar, R. and Hobbs, J.R. (2006). An annotated corpus of typical durations of events. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), Citeseer, pp. 77\u201382."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1166"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref32","unstructured":"Vempala, A. and Blanco, E. (2018). Annotating temporally-anchored spatial knowledge by leveraging syntactic dependencies. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2018)."},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-5010"},{"key":"S1351324920000212_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, C.F. Fillmore, C.J. and Lowe, J.B. (1998). The Berkeley FrameNet Project. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Montreal, Canada.","DOI":"10.3115\/980451.980860"}],"container-title":["Natural Language Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1351324920000212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T09:37:52Z","timestamp":1666604272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1351324920000212\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1351324920000212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1351324920000212","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-3249","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}