{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:22:23Z","timestamp":1778304143335,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]],"date-time":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":849398400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Lang. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present a model of text analysis for text-to-speech (TTS) \nsynthesis based on (weighted) \nfinite state transducers, which serves as the text analysis module of \nthe multilingual Bell Labs \nTTS system. The transducers are constructed using a lexical toolkit that \nallows declarative \ndescriptions of lexicons, morphological rules, numeral-expansion rules, \nand phonological rules, \ninter alia. To date, the model has been applied to eight languages: \nSpanish, Italian, Romanian, \nFrench, German, Russian, Mandarin and Japanese.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1351324997001654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:30:22Z","timestamp":1027762222000},"page":"369-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Multilingual text analysis for text-to-speech synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"RICHARD","family":"SPROAT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"container-title":["Natural Language Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1351324997001654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T15:47:40Z","timestamp":1557676060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1351324997001654\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1351324997001654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1351324997001654","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-3249","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8110","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}}}