{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:51:33Z","timestamp":1770483093602,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267574400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs1\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the sociodemographic characteristics of food-insecure households have been well documented, there has been little examination of neighbourhood characteristics in relation to this problem. In the present study we examined the association between household food security and neighbourhood features including geographic food access and perceived neighbourhood social capital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs2\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional survey and mapping of discount supermarkets and community food programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs3\" sec-type=\"general\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve high-poverty neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs4\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Respondents from 484 low-income families who had children and who lived in rental accommodations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Food insecurity was pervasive, affecting two-thirds of families with about a quarter categorized as severely food insecure, indicative of food deprivation. Food insecurity was associated with household factors including income and income source. However, food security did not appear to be mitigated by proximity to food retail or community food programmes, and high rates of food insecurity were observed in neighbourhoods with good geographic food access. While low perceived neighbourhood social capital was associated with higher odds of food insecurity, this effect did not persist once we accounted for household sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980010000339_abs6\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings raise questions about the extent to which neighbourhood-level interventions to improve factors such as food access or social cohesion can mitigate problems of food insecurity that are rooted in resource constraints. In contrast, the results reinforce the importance of household-level characteristics and highlight the need for interventions to address the financial constraints that underlie problems of food insecurity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980010000339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]],"date-time":"2010-03-03T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1267614736000},"page":"1139-1148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Assessing the relevance of neighbourhood characteristics to the household food security of low-income Toronto families"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sharon I","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Tarasuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.04.027"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref3","first-page":"141","article-title":"Food security: is New Zealand a land of plenty?","volume":"114","author":"Parnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009005369"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref50","volume-title":"Going Hungry: The Struggle to Eat Healthily on a Low Income","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819042349871"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref28","volume-title":"Building Food Security in Canada: A Community Guide for Action on Hunger","author":"Kalina","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004648"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.059253"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403732","article-title":"Measuring and mapping disparities in access to fresh fruits and vegetables in Montr\u00e9al","volume":"99","author":"Bertrand","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1491"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref8","first-page":"47","article-title":"Food insecurity","volume":"16","author":"Ledrou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref45","volume-title":"Welfare Incomes, 2006 and 2007","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.04.015"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref40","volume-title":"Poverty by Postal Code: The Geography of Neighbourhood Poverty 1981\u20132001","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref41","volume-title":"CCHS Cycle 1.1 (2000\u20132001), Public Use Microdata File Documentation","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405523","article-title":"Food insecurity and participation in community food programs among low-income Toronto families","volume":"100","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref44","volume-title":"Hierarchical Linear Models","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2002"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-16"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.11.1761"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/00070709910279027"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-4"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref1","volume-title":"Income-Related Household Food Security in Canada","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3148\/66.1.2005.43"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref4","first-page":"150","article-title":"Food security and poverty in Australia \u2013 challenges for dietitians","volume":"58","author":"Booth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aust J Nutr Diet"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2003.011031"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Food insecurity in Canadian households","volume":"12","author":"Che","year":"2001","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.2.525S","article-title":"Food insecurity: consequences for the household and broader social implications","volume":"129","author":"Hamelin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00013-2"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001789699805700303"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.059196"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.1.120","article-title":"Household food insufficiency is associated with poorer health","volume":"133","author":"Vozoris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2003.09.026"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.09.025"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00436-X"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-4-32"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9272.2006.00570.x"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.08.004"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref2","volume-title":"Household Food Security in the United States, 2007. Economic Research","author":"Nord","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405378","article-title":"Can food banks sustain nutrient requirements? A case study in Southwestern Ontario","volume":"98","author":"Irwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005897","article-title":"Socio-economic inequalities in women\u2019s fruit and vegetable intakes: a multilevel study of individual, social and environmental mediators","volume":"9","author":"Ball","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665108007209"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.1.122"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008486-200510000-00003"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098022000011344"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref53","volume-title":"CDPAC Policy Position: Food Security in Canada \u2013 A Leadership Opportunity Towards Health Promotion and Reduction in Chronic Disease","year":"2007"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.10.2670","article-title":"Household food insecurity with hunger is associated with women\u2019s food intakes, health, and household circumstances","volume":"131","author":"Tarasuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015218502547"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.078352"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003406"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref42","volume-title":"Guide to Measuring Household Food Security","author":"Bickel","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000493"},{"key":"S1368980010000339_ref48","volume-title":"Inconvenience Food","author":"Hitchman","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980010000339","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T20:32:50Z","timestamp":1590697970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980010000339\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980010000339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980010000339","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,3]]}}}