{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1780493076823,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350259200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microsc Microanal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The conservation and durability of historical renders must be carried out through compatible techniques and materials. An important operation is the restitution of historical renders cohesion, turned friable by the loss of binder, usually due to physical and\/or chemical actions. Surface consolidation is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This operation is reached usually through the application of organic or mineral consolidants, but inorganic consolidants are becoming preferred due to better compatibility and durability. In this article two mineral compatible consolidation products were studied: a commercial suspension of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in propanol and a limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate. Microscopy (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and X-ray microanalyses of the consolidation products and of the consolidated mortar specimens were carried out. To assess the mechanical properties and product's efficacy, analyses of the compression, flexural strength, and superficial hardness were performed. Microscopy results show that limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate forms platelike silica gels, which can interfere in product penetration. Otherwise, nanolime particles permit homogeneous distribution and optimum penetration on the treated substrate, improving cementing action and the agglomeration process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1431927612001341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T10:53:27Z","timestamp":1351162407000},"page":"1181-1189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Microstructural Characterization of Consolidant Products for Historical Renders: An Innovative Nanostructured Lime Dispersion and a More Traditional Ethyl Silicate Limewater Solution"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Borsoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Santos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tavares M. , Veiga R. & Fragata A. (2008a). Conservation of old renderings\u2014The consolidation of renders with loss of cohesion. In 1st Historical Mortars Conference HMC08\u2014Characterization, Diagnosis, Conservation, Repair and Compatibility. Lisbon: LNEC.","DOI":"10.14568\/cp8_3"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref008","first-page":"13","article-title":"A review of selected inorganic consolidants and protective treatment for porous calcareous materials","volume":"4","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Conserv"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2006.02.001"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchar.2009.11.007"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2007.10.007"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref011","unstructured":"Moreau C. , Sl\u00edkova Z. & Drd\u00e1ck\u00fd M. (2010). Strengthening of pure lime mortars with nanoparticles of calcium hydroxides. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 1113\u20131122."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref013","volume-title":"The Chemistry of Silica","author":"Ralph","year":"1979"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la0015967"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref018","unstructured":"Tavares M. , Veiga R. , Fragata A. & Aguiar J. (2008b). Consolidation of renderings simulating stone in the fa\u00e7ade of LNEC's building. In International Symposium on Stone Consolidation in Cultural Heritage, Lisbon, pp. 121\u2013129. Available at http:\/\/conservarcal.lnec.pt."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref016","unstructured":"Santos Silva A. , Borsoi G. , Veiga R. , Fragata A. , Tavares M. & Llera F. (2010). Physico-chemical characterization of the plasters from the church of Santissimo Sacramento in Alc\u00e2ntara. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 345\u2013357."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2006.01.006"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref005","unstructured":"Drd\u00e1ck\u00fd M. & Sl\u00edzkova Z. (2008). Calcium hydroxide based consolidation of lime mortars and stone. In 1st Historical Mortars Conference HMC08\u2014Characterization, Diagnosis, Conservation, Repair and Compatibility. Lisbon: LNEC."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.1999.44.3.145","article-title":"Limewater absorption and calcite crystal formation on a limewater-impregnated secco wall painting","volume":"44","author":"Brajes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stud Conserv"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.010"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15583050902914678"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref009","volume-title":"Materials for Conservation, Organic Consolidants, Adhesives and Coatings","author":"Horie","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref012","unstructured":"Moropoulou A. , Tsiourva T. , Michalidis P. , Biscontin G. & Zendri E. (1997). Evaluation of consolidation treatments of porous stones: Application on the medieval city of Rhodes. In Fourth International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Rhodes."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref004","unstructured":"Domaslowski W. & Lucaszewicz J.W. (1998). Possibilities of silica application in consolidation of stone monument. In 6th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone. Torun, Poland: Nicholas Copernicus University Press."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref007","unstructured":"Gullotta D. , Tedeschi C. , Binda L. & Toniolo L. (2008). Durability of porous material to salt decay. In 11th International Congress in Deterioration and Conservation Stone, Torun, Poland, pp. 19\u2013136."},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la051338f"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2000.45.3.154","article-title":"A new method for consolidating wall paintings based on dispersions of lime in alcohol","volume":"45","author":"Giorgi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stud Conserv"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jba.2009.28"},{"key":"S1431927612001341_ref023","unstructured":"Ziegenbalg G. , Br\u00fcmmer K. & Pianski J. (2010). Nano-Lime\u2014A new material for the consolidation and conservation for historical mortars. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 1301\u20131310."}],"container-title":["Microscopy and Microanalysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1431927612001341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T18:35:23Z","timestamp":1714502123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mam\/article\/18\/5\/1181\/6932253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1431927612001341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1431927612001341","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-9276","1435-8115"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-8115","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}