{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T09:10:09Z","timestamp":1751793009720,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe an application of Answer Set Programming to the understanding of narratives about stereotypical activities, demonstrated via question answering. Substantial work in this direction was done by Erik Mueller, who modeled stereotypical activities as<jats:italic>scripts<\/jats:italic>. His systems were able to understand a good number of narratives, but could not process texts describing exceptional scenarios. We propose addressing this problem by using a theory of intentions developed by Blount, Gelfond, and Balduccini. We present a methodology in which we substitute scripts by<jats:italic>activities<\/jats:italic>(i.e., hierarchical plans associated with goals) and employ the concept of an<jats:italic>intentional agent<\/jats:italic>to reason about both normal and exceptional scenarios. We exemplify the application of this methodology by answering questions about a number of restaurant stories. This paper is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068418000121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1533894257000},"page":"535-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An ASP Methodology for Understanding Narratives about Stereotypical Activities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"DANIELA","family":"INCLEZAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"QINGLIN","family":"ZHANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARCELLO","family":"BALDUCCINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANKUSH","family":"ISRANEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref21","unstructured":"Nieves J. C. , Guerrero E. , and Lindgren H. 2013. Reasoning about human activities: an argumentative approach. In Twelfth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, SCAI 2013, Aalborg, Denmark, November 20-22, 2013. 195\u2013204."},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Knowledge Representation","year":"2007","author":"Balduccini","key":"S1471068418000121_ref2"},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref24","unstructured":"Regneri M. , Koller A. , and Pinkal M. 2010. Learning script knowledge with web experiments. 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Star: A system of argumentation for story comprehension and beyond. 12th International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Reasoning (Commonsense'15). 64\u201370."},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref20","unstructured":"Ng H. T. and Mooney R. J. 1992. Abductive plan recognition and diagnosis: A comprehensive empirical evaluation. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR'92). 499\u2013508."},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todorova Y. and Gelfond M. 2012. Toward Question Answering in Travel Domains. In Correct Reasoning. 311\u2013326.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30743-0_21"},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref10","unstructured":"Gabaldon A. 2009. Activity recognition with intended actions. In Proceedings of IJCAI 2009, C. Boutilier , Ed. 1696\u20131701."},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafazadeh N. , Vanderwende L. , Yih W.-t. , Kohli P. , and Allen J. 2016. Story cloze evaluator: Vector space representation evaluation by predicting what happens next. In Proceedings of RepEval'16. Association for Computational Linguistics, 24\u201329.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/W16-2505"},{"volume-title":"Solving the Frame Problem","year":"1997","author":"Shanahan","key":"S1471068418000121_ref27"},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fql014"},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139342124"},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems","year":"2009","author":"Wooldridge","key":"S1471068418000121_ref29"},{"key":"S1471068418000121_ref30","unstructured":"Zhang Q. and Inclezan D. 2017. An application of ASP theories of intentions to understanding restaurant scenarios. 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