{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:56:02Z","timestamp":1767650162662,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta-Interpretive Learning (MIL) learns logic programs from examples by instantiating meta-rules, which is implemented by the Metagol system based on Prolog. Viewing MIL-problems as combinatorial search problems, they can alternatively be solved by employing Answer Set Programming (ASP), which may result in performance gains as a result of efficient conflict propagation. However, a straightforward ASP-encoding of MIL results in a huge search space due to a lack of procedural bias and the need for grounding. To address these challenging issues, we encode MIL in the HEX-formalism, which is an extension of ASP that allows us to outsource the background knowledge, and we restrict the search space to compensate for a procedural bias in ASP. This way, the import of constants from the background knowledge can for a given type of meta-rules be limited to relevant ones. Moreover, by abstracting from term manipulations in the encoding and by exploiting the HEX interface mechanism, the import of such constants can be entirely avoided in order to mitigate the grounding bottleneck. An experimental evaluation shows promising results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068418000261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1533894257000},"page":"571-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exploiting Answer Set Programming with External Sources for Meta-Interpretive Learning"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"TOBIAS","family":"KAMINSKI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"THOMAS","family":"EITER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KATSUMI","family":"INOUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref12","first-page":"2:1","volume-title":"ICLP (Techn. Comm.)","author":"Gebser","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebser M. , Kaufmann B. , and Schaub T. 2012. Conflict-driven answer set solving: From theory to practice. Artif. Intell. 187-188, 52\u201389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2012.04.001"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref4","unstructured":"Cropper A. and Muggleton S. H. 2016b. Metagol system. https:\/\/github.com\/metagol\/metagol."},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1045343.1045369"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jal.2008.10.007"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref6","first-page":"46","volume-title":"ILP 2017","author":"Dai","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref2","first-page":"3423","volume-title":"IJCAI 2015","author":"Cropper","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2016.01.003"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"ILP 2014","author":"Cropper","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-008-5079-1"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-014-5471-y"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref17","first-page":"525","volume-title":"ECAI 2014","author":"Lin","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10994-013-5358-3"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref23","first-page":"154","volume-title":"ILP 2014","author":"Tamaddoni-Nezhad","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref8","first-page":"418","article-title":"A model building framework for answer set programming with external computations","volume":"16","author":"Eiter","year":"2016","journal-title":"TPLP"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref5","first-page":"46","volume-title":"ILP 2015","author":"Cropper","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2010.04.002"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref11","first-page":"17","volume-title":"ILP (Late Breaking Papers) 2015","author":"Farquhar","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref18","unstructured":"Michie D. , Muggleton S. , Page D. , and Srinivasan A. 1994. To the international computing community: A new east-west challenge. Tech. rep., Oxford University Computing laboratory, UK."},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref21","first-page":"193","volume-title":"ILP 2001","author":"Otero","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037169"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref3","first-page":"1418","volume-title":"IJCAI 2016","author":"Cropper","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1471068418000261_ref16","first-page":"311","volume-title":"JELIA 2014","author":"Law","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1471068418000261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T19:20:29Z","timestamp":1555269629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1471068418000261\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471068418000261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1471068418000261","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0684","1475-3081"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1471-0684"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-3081"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}