{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:04:24Z","timestamp":1771027464456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068419000449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T11:39:48Z","timestamp":1575373188000},"page":"80-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Logic-Based Framework Leveraging Neural Networks for Studying the Evolution of Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-0834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"FRANCESCO","family":"CALIMERI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"FRANCESCO","family":"CAUTERUCCIO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LUCA","family":"CINELLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"ALDO","family":"MARZULLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"CLAUDIO","family":"STAMILE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3090-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GIORGIO","family":"TERRACINA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"FRAN\u00c7OISE","family":"DURAND-DUBIEF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"DOMINIQUE","family":"SAPPEY-MARINIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref13","first-page":"33","volume-title":"RuleML+RR. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"11092","author":"Calimeri","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref23","unstructured":"Cauteruccio, F. , Lo Giudice, P. , Terracina, G. , Ursino, D. , Mammone, N. and Morabito, F. 2019. A new network-based approach to investigating neurological disorders. International Journal of Data Mining, Modelling and Management 11, 315\u2013349."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/IA-170104"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref37","unstructured":"Gebser, M. , Kaminski, R. , Kaufmann, B. and Schaub, T. 2014. Clingo = ASP + control: Preliminary report. In Technical Communications of the Thirtieth International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP\u201914), Leuschel, M. and Schrijvers, T. , Eds. Vol. arXiv:1405.3694v1. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, Online Supplement."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-016-9506-1"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref98","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. , Cao, R. , Zhang, S. , Edmonds, M. , Wu, Y. N. and Zhu, S. 2017. Interactively transferring CNN patterns for part localization. CoRR abs\/1708.01783."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.02.018"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref3","first-page":"337","article-title":"Constraint answer set programming without grounding","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Arias","year":"2018","journal-title":"TPLP 18"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning \u2013 15th International Conference, LPNMR 2019, Philadelphia, PA, USA, June 3\u20137, 2019, Proceedings","volume":"11481","author":"Alviano","year":"2019"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref99","first-page":"8827","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2018, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, June 18\u201322, 2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.2.318"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref48","unstructured":"Goodfellow, I. J. , Bengio, Y. and Courville, A. C. 2016. Deep Learning. Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning. MIT Press."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.01.001"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref35","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning \u2013 11th International Conference, LPNMR 2011, Vancouver, Canada, May 16-19, 2011. Proceedings","volume":"6645","author":"Febbraro","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref61","first-page":"834","article-title":"Iterative learning of answer set programs from context dependent examples","volume":"5\u20136","author":"Law","year":"2016","journal-title":"TPLP 16"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref60","first-page":"511","article-title":"Learning weak constraints in answer set programming","volume":"4\u20135","author":"Law","year":"2015","journal-title":"TPLP 15"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref101","first-page":"27","article-title":"Visual interpretability for deep learning: A survey","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers of IT and EE 19"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref31","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Computational Models of Rationality, Essays Dedicated to Gabriele Kern-Isberner on the Occasion of her 60th Birthday","author":"Eiter","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref66","unstructured":"Lifschitz, V. 1999. Answer Set Planning. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP\u201999), Schreye, D. D. , Ed. The, MIT Press , Cruces, Las , New Mexico, USA , 23\u201337."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref33","first-page":"200","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (JELIA 2004)","author":"Faber","year":"2004"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10575-8_11"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.007"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60085-2_17"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v37i3.2678"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14295-6_24"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref40","first-page":"5450","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2018, July 13\u201319, 2018, Stockholm, Sweden.","author":"Gebser","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref88","unstructured":"Simonyan, K. , Vedaldi, A. , and Zisserman, A. 2013. Deep inside convolutional networks: Visualising image classification models and saliency maps. CoRR abs\/1312.6034."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref50","first-page":"317","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis of electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram recordings in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1887","author":"Hornero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref86","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference, KR 2018, Tempe, Arizona, 30 October \u2013 2 November 2018,","author":"Shen","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref94","unstructured":"Towell, G. G. and Shavlik, J. W. 1993. Extracting refined rules from knowledge-based neural networks. Machine Learning 13, 71\u2013101."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref1","first-page":"177","article-title":"The ASP system DLV: advancements and applications","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Adrian","year":"2018","journal-title":"KI 32"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v33i4.2448"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCIAIG.2015.2509600"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref4","first-page":"462","article-title":"Constraint answer set solver EZCSP and why integration schemas matter","volume":"4","author":"Balduccini","year":"2017","journal-title":"TPLP 17"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00642"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24206-9_21"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref55","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Reasoning Web. Semantic Interoperability on the Web \u2013 13th International Summer School 2017, London, UK, July 7\u201311, 2017, Tutorial Lectures","volume":"10370","author":"Kaminski","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref30","first-page":"187","article-title":"The DLVHEX system","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Eiter","year":"2018","journal-title":"KI 32"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref15","unstructured":"Calimeri, F. , Faber, W. , Gebser, M. , Ianni, G. , Kaminski, R. , Krennwallner, T. , Leone, N. , Ricca, F. and Schaub, T. 2012. ASP-Core-2: Input language format."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref78","unstructured":"Przymusinski, T. C. 1991. Stable semantics for disjunctive programs. New Generation Computing 9, 401\u2013424."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref69","unstructured":"Manna, M. , Ricca, F. and Terracina, G. 2015. Taming primary key violations to query large inconsistent data via ASP. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP). Cambridge University Press, UK. 15 (4\u20135), 696\u2013710."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref34","volume-title":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference, KR 2012, Rome, Italy, June 10\u201314, 2012,","author":"Febbraro","year":"2012"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068410000554"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068413000094"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22005"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref18","first-page":"172","volume-title":"AI*IA 2017 Advances in Artificial Intelligence \u2013 XVIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Bari, Italy, November 14\u201317, 2017, Proceedings,","volume":"10640","author":"Calimeri","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref28","first-page":"418","article-title":"A model building framework for answer set programming with external computations","volume":"4","author":"Eiter","year":"2016","journal-title":"TPLP 16"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref52","first-page":"643","volume-title":"ICANN (2)","volume":"10614","author":"Ion-Margineanu","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11562931_7"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref21","unstructured":"Calimeri, F. , Marzullo, A. , Stamile, C. and Terracina, G. 2018. Graph based neural networks for automatic classification of multiple sclerosis clinical courses. In 26th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, ESANN 2018, Bruges, Belgium, April 25\u201327, 2018."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10472-007-9076-z"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref22","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the application of the answer set programming system DLV in industry: a report from the field","volume":"03","author":"Calimeri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Book Reviews 2013"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref24","volume-title":"COMMONSENSE","volume":"2052","author":"Chabierski","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref38","first-page":"27","article-title":"Multi-shot ASP solving with clingo","volume":"1","author":"Gebser","year":"2019","journal-title":"TPLP 19"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref47","unstructured":"Gelfond, M. and Lifschitz, V. 1991. Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive Databases. New Gen. Comput. 9, 365\u2013385."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref59","unstructured":"Kouvaros, P. and Lomuscio, A. 2018. Formal verification of CNN-based perception systems. CoRR abs\/1811.11373."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref64","first-page":"308","volume-title":"Web Reasoning and Rule Systems \u2013 9th International Conference, RR 2015, Berlin, Germany, August 4\u20135, 2015, Proceedings.","author":"Leone","year":"2015"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543357"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref41","first-page":"4327","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, February 12\u201317, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.","author":"Gebser","year":"2016"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref39","first-page":"352","volume-title":"LPNMR","volume":"6645","author":"Gebser","year":"2011"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10817-007-9082-1"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref91","unstructured":"Terracina, G. , Leone, N. , Lio, V. and Panetta, C. 2008. Experimenting with recursive queries in database and logic programming systems. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP) 8(2), 129\u2013165. URL: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/0704.3157."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref92","unstructured":"Thimm, M. 2014. Tweety \u2013 A comprehensive collection of Java libraries for logical aspects of artificial intelligence and knowledge representation. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR 2014)."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref75","first-page":"197","volume-title":"RR","volume":"8741","author":"Nickles","year":"2014"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref11","unstructured":"Beck, H. , Dao-Tran, M. , Eiter, T. and Fink, M. 2015. LARS: A logic-based framework for analyzing reasoning over streams. In AAAI. AAAI Press, 1431\u20131438."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3219819.3220077"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref81","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages \u2013 19th International Symposium, PADL 2017, Paris, France, January 16\u201317, 2017, Proceedings,","volume":"10137","author":"Rath","year":"2017"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.89.208701"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068418000558"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10472-009-9116-y"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref82","first-page":"866","article-title":"The dlvhex system for knowledge representation: recent advances (system description)","volume":"5\u20136","author":"Redl","year":"2016.","journal-title":"TPLP 16"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.12.016"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018930122475"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref85","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcller, P. and Weinzierl, A. 2015. Answer set application programming: A case study on tetris. In Proceedings of the Technical Communications of the 31st International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2015), Cork, Ireland, August 31 \u2013 September 4, 2015, Vos, M. D. , Eiter, T. , Lierler, Y. and Toni, F. , Eds. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 1433. CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref95","unstructured":"Vos, T. , Allen, C. , Arora, M. , Barber, R. , Bhutta, Z. and Brown, A. 2016. Gbd 2015 disease and injury incidence and prevalence collaborators. global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. Lancet 388, 10053, 1545\u20131602."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10817-012-9246-5"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00207-2"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P16-1228"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref42","unstructured":"Gebser, M. , Maratea, M. and Ricca, F. 2017. The sixth answer set programming competition. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 60, 41\u201395."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref89","unstructured":"Stamile, C. , Kocevar, G. , Cotton, F. , Hannoun, S. , Durand-Dubief, F. , Frindel, C. , Rousseau, D. and Sappey-Marinier, D. 2015. A longitudinal model for variations detection in white matter fiber-bundles. In 2015 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP), 57\u201360."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref57","unstructured":"Kingma, D. P. and Ba, J. 2014. Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. CoRR abs\/1412.6980."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00354-018-0046-2"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref83","unstructured":"Ricca, F. 2003. A Java wrapper for DLV. In Answer Set Programming, Advances in Theory and Implementation, Proceedings of the 2nd Intl. ASP\u201903 Workshop, Messina, Italy, September 26\u201328, 2003, Vos, M. D. and Provetti, A. , Eds. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 78. CEUR-WS.org."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref63","unstructured":"Leofante, F. , Narodytska, N. , Pulina, L. and Tacchella, A. 2018. Automated verification of neural networks: Advances, challenges and perspectives. CoRR abs\/1805.09938."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref58","unstructured":"Kocevar, G. , Stamile, C. , Hannoun, S. , Cotton, F. , Vukusic, S. , Durand-Dubief, F. and Sappey-Marinier, D. 2016. Graph theory-based brain connectivity for automatic classification of multiple sclerosis clinical courses. Frontiers in Neuroscience 10, 478."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref36","unstructured":"Fusc\u00e0, D. , Calimeri, F. , Zangari, J. and Perri, S. 2017. I-DLV+MS: preliminary report on an automatic ASP solver selector. In RCRA@AI*IA. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 2011. CEUR-WS.org, 26\u201332."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref49","volume-title":"Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation","author":"Haykin","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref97","unstructured":"Wu, Z. , Pan, S. , Chen, F. , Long, G. , Zhang, C. and Yu, P. 2019. A comprehensive survey on graph neural networks. CoRR abs\/1901.00596."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref67","first-page":"395","article-title":"Computing minimal models, stable models and answer sets","volume":"4","author":"Lonc","year":"2006","journal-title":"TPLP 6"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068419000061"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref6","unstructured":"Bargmann, C. and Marder, E. 2013. From the connectome to brain function. Nature Methods 10, 483."},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref7","unstructured":"Barrett, C. , Fontaine, P. and Tinelli, C. 2016. The Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library (SMT-LIB). URL: www.SMT-LIB.org"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13218-018-0535-y"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10817-015-9328-2"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref65","first-page":"559","article-title":"On relation between constraint answer set programming and satisfiability modulo theories","volume":"4","author":"Lierler","year":"2017","journal-title":"TPLP 17"},{"key":"S1471068419000449_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.046"}],"container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1471068419000449","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T12:48:33Z","timestamp":1608554913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1471068419000449\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1471068419000449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1471068419000449","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-0684","1475-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-0684","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 2019","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}