{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T11:10:07Z","timestamp":1750677007460,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we delve into Notation3 Logic (N3), an extension of Resource Description Framework (RDF), which empowers users to craft rules introducing fresh blank nodes to RDF graphs. This capability is pivotal in various applications such as ontology mapping, given the ubiquitous presence of blank nodes directly or in auxiliary constructs across the Web. However, the availability of fast N3 reasoners fully supporting blank node introduction remains limited. Conversely, engines like VLog or Nemo, though not explicitly designed for Semantic Web rule formats, cater to analogous constructs, namely existential rules.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We investigate the correlation between N3 rules featuring blank nodes in their heads and existential rules. We pinpoint a subset of N3 that seamlessly translates to existential rules and establish a mapping preserving the equivalence of N3 formulae. To showcase the potential benefits of this translation in N3 reasoning, we implement this mapping and compare the performance of N3 reasoners like EYE and cwm against VLog and Nemo, both on native N3 rules and their translated counterparts. Our findings reveal that existential rule reasoners excel in scenarios with abundant facts, while the EYE reasoner demonstrates exceptional speed in managing a high volume of dependent rules.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Additionally to the original conference version of this paper, we include all proofs of the theorems and introduce a new section dedicated to N3 lists featuring built-in functions and how they are implemented in existential rules. Adding lists to our translation\/framework gives interesting insights on related design decisions influencing the standardization of N3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068425000055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T06:05:43Z","timestamp":1748844343000},"page":"304-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Existential Notation3 Logic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7401-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00d6RTHE","family":"ARNDT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-2940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"STEPHAN","family":"MENNICKE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref33","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6tzsch, M. , Mehdi, A. and Rudolph, S. 2010. Orel: Database-driven reasoning for OWL 2 profiles. In Proc. 23rd Int. Workshop on Description Logics (DL\u201910), Haarslev, V. , Toman, D. and Weddell, G. , Eds. vol. 573. CEUR-WS.org, CEUR Workshop Proceedings and Aachen 114\u2013124"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref11","unstructured":"Beckett, D. , Berners-Lee, T. , Prud\u2019hommeaux, E. and Carothers, G. 2014. Turtle - Terse RDF Triple Language. w3c Recommendation"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref41","unstructured":"Woensel, W. V. and Hochstenbach, P. 2023. Notation3 builtin functions. W3C Community Group Report. 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CoRR abs\/2308.07332v1. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2308.07332v1"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2015.63"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2019.04.001"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref4","unstructured":"Arndt, D. and Champin, P.-A. 2023. Notation3 Semantics. W3C Community Group Report. Available at https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/N3\/spec\/semantics"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref34","unstructured":"Motik, B. , Cuenca grau, B. , Horrocks, I. , Wu, Z. Fokoue, A. and Lutz, C. 2009. OWL 2 Web Ontology Language: Profiles. W3C Recommendation. 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Available at http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/rdf11-concepts\/"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref24","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Proc. 27th Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS\u201908)","author":"Deutsch","year":"2008"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-43458-7_30"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.385.35"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33245-1_10"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref40","unstructured":"Woensel, W. V. , Arndt, D. , Champin, P.-A. , Tomaszuk, D. and Kellogg, G. 2023. Notation3 Language. W3C Community Group Report. Available at https:\/\/w3c.github.io\/N3\/reports\/20230703\/"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref14","unstructured":"Berners-Lee, T. and Connolly, D. (2011). Notation3 (n3): a readable rdf syntax. w3c team submission. http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TeamSubmission\/n3\/"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-76298-0_7"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref21","first-page":"1777","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Carral","year":"2020"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref20","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proc. 18th Int. Semantic Web Conf. (ISWC\u201919, Part II)","author":"Carral","year":"2019"},{"key":"S1471068425000055_ref3","unstructured":"Hayes, P. and Patel-schneider, P. F. 2014. RDF 1.1 Semantics. W3C Recommendation. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}