{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:22:58Z","timestamp":1792070578047,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Theory and Practice of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the context of urban traffic control,\n                    <jats:italic>traffic signal optimisation<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the problem of determining the optimal green length for each signal in a set of traffic signals. The literature has effectively tackled such a problem, mostly with automated planning techniques leveraging the PDDL + language and solvers. However, such language has limitations when it comes to specifying optimisation statements and computing optimal plans. In this paper, we provide an alternative solution to the traffic signal optimisation problem based on Constraint Answer Set Programming (CASP). We devise an encoding in a CASP language, which is then solved by means of\n                    <jats:italic>clingcon 3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a system extending the well-known ASP solver\n                    <jats:italic>clingo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We performed experiments on real historical data from the town of Huddersfield in the UK, comparing our approach to the PDDL+ model that obtained the best results for the considered benchmark. The results showed the potential of our approach for tackling the traffic signal optimisation problem and improving the solution quality of the PDDL + plans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1471068425100306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T04:35:25Z","timestamp":1757651725000},"page":"794-812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A CASP-Based Solution for Traffic Signal Optimisation"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6586-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ALICE","family":"TARZARIOL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Klagenfurt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MARCO","family":"MARATEA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calabria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAURO","family":"VALLATI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huddersfield"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037169"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7307\/ptt.v28i4.1952"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref6","unstructured":"Beck, H. , Eiter, T. and Krennwallner, T. 2012a. Inconsistency management for traffic regulations. In Proc. of Semantic Cities, Papers from the 2012 AAAI Workshop 2012a, Vol.\u00a0WS-12-13 of AAAI Technical Report, AAAI Press, 2\u20138."},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref38","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Proc. of AI 2013","volume":"7884","author":"Vaseqi","year":"2013"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taale, H. , Fransen, W. and Dibbits, J. 1998. The second assessment of the SCOOT system in Nijmegen. In IEEE Road Transport Information and Control 1998, IET, 21\u201323.","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:19980165"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, X.-F. , Smith, S. and Barlow, G. 2012. Schedule-driven coordination for real-time traffic network control. 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In Proc. of ICAPS 2019, AAAI Press, 200\u2013208.","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v29i1.3477"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10472-009-9116-y"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32473\/flairs.38.1.138634"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.13904"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, H. , Eiter, T. and Krennwallner, T. 2012b. Inconsistency management for traffic regulations: Formalization and complexity results. In Proc. of JELIA 2012b, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 80\u201393.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33353-8_7"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11875"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mccluskey, T. and Vallati, M. 2017. Embedding automated planning within urban traffic management operations. In Proc. of ICAPS 2017 , AAAI Press, 391\u2013399.","DOI":"10.1609\/icaps.v27i1.13842"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref23","first-page":"2575","volume-title":"Proc. of ITSC 2018","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068424000309"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatnagar, S. , Guo, R. , Mccabe, K. , Mccluskey, T. L. , Scala, E. and Vallati, M. 2022a. Leveraging artificial intelligence for simulating traffic signal strategies. In Proc. of ITSC 2022a, IEEE, 607\u2013612.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC55140.2022.9922231"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.11213"},{"key":"S1471068425100306_ref22","unstructured":"Liu, G. , Janhunen, T. and Niemel\u00e4, I. 2012. Answer set programming via mixed integer programming. 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Published by Cambridge University Press","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}