{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T07:41:44Z","timestamp":1768894904518,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>G\u00f6del\u2019s ontological proof is by now well known based on the 1970 version, written in G\u00f6del\u2019s own hand, and Scott\u2019s version of the proof. In this article new manuscript sources found in G\u00f6del\u2019s Nachlass are presented. Three versions of G\u00f6del\u2019s ontological proof have been transcribed, and completed from context as true to G\u00f6del\u2019s notes as possible. The discussion in this article is based on these new sources and reveals G\u00f6del\u2019s early intentions of a liberal comprehension principle for the higher order modal logic, an explicit use of second-order Barcan schemas, as well as seemingly defining a rigidity condition for the system. None of these aspects occurs explicitly in the later 1970 version, and therefore they have long been in focus of the debate on G\u00f6del\u2019s ontological proof.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1755020319000479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]],"date-time":"2019-09-20T04:31:55Z","timestamp":1568953915000},"page":"1011-1029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["THE DEVELOPMENT OF G\u00d6DEL\u2019S ONTOLOGICAL PROOF"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"ANNIKA","family":"KANCKOS","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"TIM","family":"LETHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1755020319000479_r21","volume-title":"Logic and Theism: Arguments for and against Beliefs in God","author":"Sobel","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-21963-8_10"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0411-4"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r11","volume-title":"Kurt G\u00f6del Collected Works: Correspondence H\u2013Z","author":"G\u00f6del","year":"2003"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/faithphil19907325"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r7","first-page":"214","volume-title":"The Logica Yearbook 1998","author":"Bj\u00f8rdal","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r12","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Logic and Algebra","author":"H\u00e1jek","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11663081.1999.10510970"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r20","first-page":"241","volume-title":"On being and Saying: Essays for Richard Cartwright","author":"Sobel","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r19","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Logic and Theism: Arguments for and against Beliefs in God","author":"Scott","year":"1970"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r22","volume-title":"Reflections on Kurt G\u00f6del","author":"Wang","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r15","volume-title":"Anselm\u2019s Discovery \u2013 A Re-Examination of the Ontological Proof for God\u2019s Existence","author":"Hartshorne","year":"1965"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016583920890"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2178\/jsl\/1102022211"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r10","volume-title":"Kurt G\u00f6del Collected Works: Unpublished Essays and Lectures","volume":"3","author":"G\u00f6del","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195072556.003.0017","volume-title":"Introductory Note to *1970","author":"Adams","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r17","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Sobel on G\u00f6del\u2019s ontological proof","volume":"8","author":"Koons","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r23","volume-title":"A Logical Journey: From G\u00f6del to Philosophy","author":"Wang","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r4","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Mathematics and Reality, Proceedings of the 11th All India Students\u2019 Conference on Science and Spiritual Quest, 6-7 October, 2018, IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India.","author":"Benzm\u00fcller","year":"2018"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11787-017-0160-9"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r14","volume-title":"The Logic of Perfection","author":"Hartshorne","year":"1962"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11225-016-9700-1"},{"key":"S1755020319000479_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110325881.323"}],"container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1755020319000479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T19:57:31Z","timestamp":1721764651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1755020319000479\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1755020319000479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1755020319000479","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-0203","1755-0211"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-0203","type":"print"},{"value":"1755-0211","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 Association for Symbolic Logic 2019","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}