{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:46:53Z","timestamp":1774331213861,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>I provide an analysis of sentences of the form \u2018To be<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>is to be<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u2019 in terms of exact truth-maker semantics\u2014an approach that identifies the meanings of sentences with the states of the world directly responsible for their truth-values. Roughly, I argue that these sentences hold just in case that which makes something<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>also makes it<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>. This approach is hyperintensional and possesses desirable logical and modal features. In particular, these sentences are reflexive, transitive, and symmetric, and if they are true, then they are necessarily true, and it is necessary that all and only<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>s are<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>s. I motivate my account over Correia and Skiles\u2019 [11] prominent alternative and close by defining an irreflexive and asymmetric notion of analysis in terms of the symmetric and reflexive notion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1755020321000046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T07:49:45Z","timestamp":1613980185000},"page":"603-623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["THE SEMANTIC FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"SAMUEL Z.","family":"ELGIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1755020321000046_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199276424.003.0002","volume-title":"Absolute Generality","author":"Fine","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-015-9371-9"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phpr.12468"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/tht3.158","article-title":"A note on the logic of worldly ground","volume":"4","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thought"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Three systems of first degree entailment","volume":"42","author":"Angell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r28","first-page":"303","article-title":"Episodic logic: A situational logic for natural language processing","volume":"3","author":"Hwang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Situation Theory and Its Applications"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780199276424.003.0005","volume-title":"Absolute Generality","author":"Lavine","year":"2006"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phib.12067"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r36","first-page":"172","article-title":"The concept of truth in the languages of the deductive sciences","volume":"34","author":"Tarski","year":"1933","journal-title":"Prace Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego, Wydzial III Nauk Matematyczno-Fizycznych"},{"key":"S1755020321000046_r15","unstructured":"[15] Elgin, S . 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