{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T09:19:53Z","timestamp":1753521593287,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this paper is to provide a complete Natural Kind Semantics for an Essentialist Theory of Kinds. The theory is formulated in two-sorted first order monadic modal logic with identity. The natural kind semantics is based on Rudolf Willes Theory of Concept Lattices. The semantics is then used to explain several consequences of the theory, including results about the <jats:italic>specificity<\/jats:italic> (species\u2013genus) relations between kinds, the definitions of kinds in terms of genera and <jats:italic>specific differences<\/jats:italic> and the existence of <jats:italic>negative<\/jats:italic> kinds. First, I show under which conditions the <jats:italic>Hierarchy<\/jats:italic> principle, which has been subjected to counterexamples in the literature, holds. I also show that a different principle about the species\u2013genus relations between kinds, namely <jats:italic>Kant\u2019s Law<\/jats:italic>, follows from the essentialist theory. Second, I introduce two new operations for kinds and show that they can be used to provide traditional definitions of kinds in terms of genera and specific differences. Finally, I show that these operations of specific difference induce, for each kind, a uniquely specified contrary kind and a uniquely specified subcontrary kind, which can be used as semantic values for non-classical predicate negations of kind terms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1755020322000351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T10:28:52Z","timestamp":1670236132000},"page":"509-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NATURAL KIND SEMANTICS FOR A CLASSICAL ESSENTIALIST THEORY OF KINDS"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JAVIER","family":"BELASTEGUI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill","year":"1882","author":"Mill","key":"S1755020322000351_r29"},{"volume-title":"The Four-Category Ontology","year":"2006","author":"Lowe","key":"S1755020322000351_r26"},{"volume-title":"The Semantics and Metaphysics of Natural Kinds","year":"2010","author":"Tobin","key":"S1755020322000351_r37"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r12","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Philosophical Perspectives 8: Logic and Language","author":"Fine","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511998553"},{"volume-title":"Logical Investigations of Predication Theory and the Problem of Universals","year":"1986","author":"Cocchiarella","key":"S1755020322000351_r6"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01344203"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-0609-1"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656544"},{"volume-title":"Scientific Essentialism","year":"2001","author":"Ellis","key":"S1755020322000351_r10"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r38","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Preference, Belief and Similarity, Selected Writings of Amos Tversky","author":"Tversky","year":"1977"},{"volume-title":"Species: New Interdisciplinary Essays","year":"1999","author":"Boyd","key":"S1755020322000351_r5"},{"volume-title":"Logic","year":"1988","author":"Kant","key":"S1755020322000351_r21"},{"volume-title":"Introduction to Lattices and Order","year":"2012","author":"Davey","key":"S1755020322000351_r8"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23015-3_19"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01445349708837269"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2272415"},{"volume-title":"Naming and Necessity","year":"1980","author":"Kripke","key":"S1755020322000351_r24"},{"key":"S1755020322000351_r4","unstructured":"[4] Bird, A. , & Tobin, E. (2022). Natural kinds. In Zalta, E. N. , editor. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition). 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Association for Symbolic Logic","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}