{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1730806812719,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anselm described god as \u201csomething than which nothing greater can be thought\u201d [1, p. 93], and Descartes viewed him as \u201ca supreme being\u201d [7, p. 122]. I first capture those characterizations formally in a simple language for monadic predicate logic. Next, I construct a model class inspired by Stoic and medieval doctrines of <jats:italic>grades of being<\/jats:italic> [8, 20]. Third, I prove the models sufficient for recovering, as internal mathematics, the famous ontological argument of Anselm, and show that argument to be, on this formalization, valid. Fourth, I extend the models to incorporate a modality fit for proving that any item than which necessarily no greater can be thought is also necessarily real. Lastly, with the present approach, I blunt the sharp edges of notable objections to ontological arguments by Gaunilo and by Grant. A trigger warning: every page of this writing flouts the old saw \u201cExistence is not a predicate\u201d and flagrantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s1755020324000133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T07:50:35Z","timestamp":1726213835000},"page":"635-653","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ANSELM\u2019S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT AND GRADES OF BEING"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"CHARLES","family":"McCARTY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"container-title":["The Review of Symbolic Logic"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1755020324000133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:11:36Z","timestamp":1730805096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1755020324000133\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1755020324000133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1755020324000133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-0203","1755-0211"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1755-0203"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1755-0211"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Association for Symbolic Logic","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}