{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:45:31Z","timestamp":1747172731822,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001832_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Protocols designed to facilitate N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) decontamination by commercial sterilization devices do not recommend that operators verify the device\u2019s performance against pathogens deposited on FFRs. Here, we compared the treatment efficacy of 4 hydrogen peroxide-based systems that were authorized for N95 decontamination during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001832_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Suspensions prepared from <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 29213 and 44300, <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> ATCC 6633, a vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>E. faecium<\/jats:italic> isolate (VRE), <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> ATCC 25922, and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> ATCC 27853 colonies were inoculated onto nine 1-cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> areas on a 3M 1805, 1860, 1860S, 1870+, 8210, 8110S, or 9105S FFR. Contaminated respirators were treated according to protocols recommended by the STERRAD 100NX, Bioquell Z-2, Sterizone VP4, or Cl\u0113an Works Mini systems. Decontamination efficacy was determined by comparing colony counts cultured from excised segments of treated and untreated FFR.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001832_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>All devices achieved a 6-log reduction in bacterial burden and met FDA sterilization criteria. The Bioquell Z-2 device demonstrated 100% efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with all FFRs tested. Colonies of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 29213 and 44300 and VRE were cultivable from up to 9 (100%) of 9 STERRAD 100NX\u2013 and Sterizone VP4\u2013treated segments. Viable <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> ATCC 6633 organisms were recovered from 76.0% of STERRAD 100NX\u2013treated FFR segments.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001832_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Variability in decontamination efficacy was noted across devices and FFR types. gram-positive organisms were more difficult to completely eliminate than were gram-negative organisms. Prior to initiating FFR decontamination practices, institutions should verify the effectiveness of their devices and the safety of treated FFR.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2021.183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1629275869000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative evaluation of four hydrogen peroxide-based systems to decontaminate N95 respirators"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Mazzulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref18","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effectiveness of three decontamination treatments against influenza virus applied to filtering facepiece respirators","volume":"56","author":"Lore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref3","unstructured":"3. Implementing filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) reuse, including reuse after decontamination, when there are known shortages of N95 respirators. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/ppe-strategy\/decontamination-reuse-respirators.html. Published 2020. Accessed March 5, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.016"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02004-08"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7665"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref13","unstructured":"13. Authorized medical devices for uses related to COVID-19: list of authorized medical devices other than testing devices. Government of Canada website. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/covid19-industry\/medical-devices\/authorized\/other.html. Accessed February 21, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.371"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2020.494"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535676020919932"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref25","unstructured":"25. Advanced Sterilization Products. Instructions for healthcare facilities: decontamination of compatible N95 respirators in ASP STERRAD sterilization systems. US Food and Drug Administration website. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/136882\/download. Published 2020. Accessed March 7, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.12.005"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30164-X"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2010.484794"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.194"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1651OC"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.07.004"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106263"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.008"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref4","unstructured":"4. Strategies for optimizing the supply of N95 respirators. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/respirators-strategy\/index.html#conventional. Published 2021. Accessed February 20, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa610"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.2"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00997-20"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref10","unstructured":"10. Decontamination of 3M filtering facepiece respirators, such as N95 respirators, in the United States\u2014considerations. Technical Bulletin, May 2021, revision 14. 3M website. https:\/\/multimedia.3m.com\/mws\/media\/1824869O\/decontamination-methods-for-3m-filtering-facepiece-respirators-technical-bulletin.pdf. Published May 2021. Accessed July 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243965"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.216"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref21","unstructured":"21. COVID-19 medical masks and respirators: Reprocessing N95 respirators. Government of Canada website. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/covid19-industry\/medical-devices\/personal-protective-equipment\/medical-masks-respirators\/reprocessing.html. Accessed August 5, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.12.006"},{"key":"S2732494X21001832_ref12","unstructured":"12. Decontamination systems for personal protective equipment EUAs. US Food and Drug Administration website. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices\/personal-protective-equipment-euas. Published 2021. Accessed February 21, 2021."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Stewardship &amp; Healthcare Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2732494X21001832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T08:38:00Z","timestamp":1629275880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2732494X21001832\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["S2732494X21001832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ash.2021.183","relation":{},"ISSN":["2732-494X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2732-494X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"e21"}}