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ML builds from traditional statistical methods and has drawn significant interest in healthcare epidemiology due to its potential for improving disease prediction and patient care. This review provides an overview of ML in healthcare epidemiology and practical examples of ML tools used to support healthcare decision making at 4\u00a0stages of hospital-based care: triage, diagnosis, treatment, and discharge. Examples include model-building efforts to assist emergency department triage, predicting time before septic shock onset, detecting community-acquired pneumonia, and classifying COVID-19 disposition risk level. Increasing availability and quality of electronic health record (EHR) data as well as computing power provides opportunities for ML to increase patient safety, improve the efficiency of clinical management, and reduce healthcare costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2021.192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T08:22:32Z","timestamp":1633594952000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Machine learning and artificial intelligence: applications in healthcare epidemiology"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alisa J.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra T.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah S.","family":"Hinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1304-5289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eili Y.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X21001923_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.33.0210"},{"key":"S2732494X21001923_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000228"},{"key":"S2732494X21001923_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"S2732494X21001923_ref13","unstructured":"13. 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