{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:32:00Z","timestamp":1762353120451,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":300,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001960_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To identify drugs that were administered off label to hospitalized patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to identify adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug\u2013drug interactions associated with these therapies.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001960_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This case\u2013control study was conducted in a Brazilian hospital from March to April 2020 among patients with suspected COVID-19, comparing those with positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and those with negative results.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001960_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The most commonly used medications in both groups were azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. There was a significantly higher prevalence of reactions among patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 (48.5% vs 28.8%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .008) in the propensity score\u2013matched cohort, and the most commonly reported ADRs among these patients were diarrhea (43.8%), elevated liver enzymes (31.3%), and nausea and vomiting (29.7%).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X21001960_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our data demonstrate that ADRs and drug\u2013drug interactions are common with off-label treatments for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2021.196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T08:25:51Z","timestamp":1635409551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adverse drug reactions and drug interactions in the treatment of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-1764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Marins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre R.","family":"Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Edmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ligia Regina Prystaj","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sthephanie Favalli","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"de Oliveira Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Gomes","family":"Chauvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Renato Rebello","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana M.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelino Souza Dur\u00e3o","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X21001960_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022926","article-title":"Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"383","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref7","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa478"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref32","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.302"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref29","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30126-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref31","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12586"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref33","DOI":"10.36660\/abc.20200389"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.085"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref5","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S2732494X21001960_ref17","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"unstructured":"3. 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