{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T12:16:43Z","timestamp":1782735403348,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":198,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To identify characteristics associated with positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in healthcare personnel.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A multihospital healthcare system.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Employees who reported SARS-CoV-2 exposures and\/or symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between March 30, 2020, and September 20, 2020, and were subsequently referred for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Data from exposure and\/or symptom reports were linked to the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. Employee demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, and symptoms were evaluated as potential risk factors for having a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Among 6,289 employees who received SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, 873 (14%) had a positive test. Independent risk factors for a positive PCR included: working in a patient care area (relative risk [RR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37\u20132.40), having a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.37), reporting a community versus an occupational exposure (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.49\u20132.34), and having an infected household contact (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.11\u20132.89). Nearly all HCP (99%) reported symptoms. Symptoms associated with a positive PCR in a multivariable analysis included loss of sense of smell (RR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.09\u20133.24) or taste (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40\u20132.20), cough (RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.40\u20132.20), fever, and muscle aches.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002509_as7\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In this cohort of &gt;6,000 healthcare system and academic medical center employees early in the pandemic, community exposures, and particularly household exposures, were associated with greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than occupational exposures. This work highlights the importance of COVID-19 prevention in the community and in healthcare settings to prevent COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T09:24:42Z","timestamp":1658136282000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical and occupational risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare personnel"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7824-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennie H.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0069-2372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Budge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline A.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-0923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva M.","family":"Aagaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria J.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7070-9320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9015-8378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Babcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01741"},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13278"},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2195"},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.17"},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref16","unstructured":"16. Coleman, J. Photo shows NY hospital staff using trash bags as protective gear. The Hill website. https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/healthcare\/489622-photo-shows-staff-using-trash-bags-as-protective-gear-in-hospital-system\/. Published March 26, 2020. Accessed July 5, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref15","unstructured":"15. Sengupta, S. A NY nurse dies. Angry coworkers blame a lack of protective gear. New York Times website. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/26\/nyregion\/nurse-dies-coronavirus-mount-sinai.html. Published March 26, 2020. 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Interim US guidance for risk assessment and work restrictions for healthcare personnel with potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html. Accessed September 9, 2021."},{"key":"S2732494X22002509_ref25","unstructured":"25. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).World Health Organization website. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/report-of-the-who-china-joint-mission-on-coronavirus-disease-2019-(covid-19). Published February 2020. 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