{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:43:48Z","timestamp":1747172628164,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":255,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002947_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Duodenoscopy-associated infections and outbreaks are reported globally despite strict adherence to duodenoscope reprocessing protocols. Therefore, new developments in the reprocessing procedure are needed.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002947_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We evaluated a novel dynamic flow model for an additional cleaning step between precleaning and manual cleaning in the reprocessing procedure.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002947_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A parallel plate flow chamber with a fluorinated ethylene propylene bottom plate was used to mimic the duodenoscope channels. The flow chamber was inoculated with a suspension containing <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> to simulate bacterial contamination during a duodenoscopic procedure. After inoculation the flow chamber was flushed with a detergent mimicking precleaning. Subsequently the flow chamber was subjected to different interventions: flow with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), flow with 2 commercial detergents, flow with sodium dodecyl sulfate with 3 different concentrations, and flow with microbubbles. Adhering bacteria were counted using phase-contrast microscopy throughout the experiment, and finally, bacterial viability was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002947_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>During precleaning both PBS and 1% (v\/v) Neodisher Mediclean Forte were able to desorb bacteria, but neither proved superior. After precleaning only sodium dodecyl sulfate could desorb bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22002947_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Flushing during precleaning is an essential step for reducing adhering luminal bacteria, and sodium dodecyl sulfate is a promising detergent for bacterial desorption from duodenoscope channels after precleaning.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T07:12:26Z","timestamp":1663053146000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dynamic flow model mimicking duodenoscope reprocessing after bacterial contamination for translational research"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2381-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"Heuvelmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7212-3443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem","family":"Woudstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman F.","family":"Wunderink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan F.","family":"Monkelbaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henny C.","family":"van der Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref3","unstructured":"3. FDA Safety Communication. Supplemental measures to enhance duodenoscope reprocessing. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website. https:\/\/www.fdanews.com\/ext\/resources\/files\/08-15\/081015-duodenoscopes-fda.pdf?1520541508. Published 2015. Accessed August 29, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.01.055","article-title":"Impact of ethylene oxide gas sterilization of duodenoscopes after a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae outbreak","volume":"84","author":"Naryzhny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4137\/EHI.S31765","article-title":"Human and environmental toxicity of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS): evidence for safe use in household cleaning products","volume":"9","author":"Bondi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2017.05.014","article-title":"A novel polytetrafluoroethylene-channel model, which simulates low levels of culturable bacteria in buildup biofilm after repeated endoscope reprocessing","volume":"86","author":"Alfa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.3668-3673.2005","article-title":"Influence of fluid shear and microbubbles on bacterial detachment from a surface","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref22","first-page":"127","article-title":"Final report on the safety assessment of sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.06.052","article-title":"Randomized comparison of 3 high-level disinfection and sterilization procedures for duodenoscopes","volume":"153","author":"Snyder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13049","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm disruption using microbial surfactants","volume":"120","author":"D\u00edaz De Rienzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2005.00220.x","article-title":"Microbubble-induced detachment of coadhering oral bacteria from salivary pellicles","volume":"113","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0528-7","article-title":"Current practice of duodenoscope reprocessing","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.06.022","article-title":"Effect of peracetic acid and aldehyde disinfectants on biofilm","volume":"58","author":"Henoun Loukili","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156856203321478847"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.002","article-title":"Which parameters affect biofilm removal with acoustic cavitation? A review","volume":"45","author":"Vyas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref26","unstructured":"26. Neodisher MediClean forte. Dr Weigert website. https:\/\/www.drweigert.com\/com\/products-system-solutions\/product\/neodisher-mediclean-forte. Published online 2018. Accessed August 20, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2019.05.016","article-title":"Independent root cause analysis of contributing factors, including dismantling of 2 duodenoscopes, to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"90","author":"Rauwers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6756","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201502384","article-title":"3D-printable antimicrobial composite resins","volume":"25","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.358","article-title":"Cost utility of competing strategies to prevent endoscopic transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"110","author":"Almario","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(00)00799-8","article-title":"Air bubble-induced detachment of polystyrene particles with different sizes from collector surfaces in a parallel plate flow chamber","volume":"186","author":"G\u00f3mez-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315082","article-title":"High prevalence rate of digestive tract bacteria in duodenoscopes: a nationwide study","volume":"67","author":"Rauwers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30122-5","article-title":"Safely reprocessing duodenoscopes: current evidence and future directions","volume":"3","author":"Rubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.040","article-title":"Evaluation of the ability of different detergents and disinfectants to remove and kill organisms in traditional biofilm","volume":"44","author":"da Costa Luciano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.02.016","article-title":"A randomized trial of single versus double high-level disinfection of duodenoscopes and linear echoendoscopes using standard automated reprocessing","volume":"88","author":"Bartles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.215","article-title":"Simulated-use polytetrafluorethylene biofilm model: repeated rounds of complete reprocessing lead to accumulation of organic debris and viable bacteria","volume":"38","author":"Alfa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4669-9","article-title":"A novel protocol obviates endoscope sampling for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: experience of a center with a prior outbreak","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2016.06.022","article-title":"A new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels","volume":"127","author":"da Costa Luciano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6280","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.10.6280-6287.2003","article-title":"Comparison of velocity profiles for different flow chamber designs used in studies of microbial adhesion to surfaces","volume":"69","author":"Bakker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.11.015","article-title":"Effect of different stabilized preparations of peracetic acid on biofilm","volume":"63","author":"Henoun Loukili","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref27","unstructured":"27. Neodisher Septo active. Dr Weigert website. https:\/\/www.drweigert.com\/com\/products-system-solutions\/product\/neodisher-septo-active Published online 2020. Accessed August 20, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-122378","article-title":"A double-reprocessing high-level disinfection protocol does not eliminate positive cultures from the elevators of duodenoscopes","volume":"50","author":"Rex","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.04.036","article-title":"A quarantine process for the resolution of duodenoscope-associated transmission of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli","volume":"82","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"S2732494X22002947_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.118.008","article-title":"Temperature effect on the nanostructure of SDS micelles in water","volume":"118","author":"Hammouda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Stewardship &amp; Healthcare Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2732494X22002947","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T07:12:56Z","timestamp":1663053176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2732494X22002947\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2732494X22002947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ash.2022.294","relation":{},"ISSN":["2732-494X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2732-494X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"e153"}}