{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T19:49:18Z","timestamp":1771357758450,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":339,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To describe antimicrobial resistance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The study included 49 outpatient laboratory sites located in 13 cities nationwide.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Patients seeking ambulatory microbiology testing for urine and bodily fluids<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We reviewed antimicrobial susceptibility reports for <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from urine and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (PSAR) from bodily fluids between January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021, from deidentified susceptibility data extracted from final culture results.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In total, 27,718 urine cultures with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 2,111 bodily fluid cultures with PSAR were included in the analysis. On average, resistance to ceftriaxone was present in 25.19% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolated from urine each year. The carbapenem resistance rates were 0.15% for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> and 3.08% for PSAR annually. The average rates of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> with phenotypic resistance consistent with possible extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) in urine were 25.63% and 24.75%, respectively, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The carbapenem resistance rates in urine were 0.11% and 0.20%, respectively, a 200% increase. The average rates of PSAR with carbapenem resistance in bodily fluid were 2.33% and 3.84% before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively, a 130% percent increase.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X22003473_as7\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Resistance to carbapenems in PSAR and <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> after the COVID-19 pandemic is rising. These resistance patterns suggest that ESBL is common in the Dominican Republic. Carbapenem resistance was uncommon but increased after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T07:18:13Z","timestamp":1670311093000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance in <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Dominican Republic"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8337-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo J.","family":"Mena Lora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrystiam","family":"Sorondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belkis","family":"Billini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan C.","family":"Bleasdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab035"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref2","unstructured":"2. US Department of Health and Human Services. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed November 15, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab466.609"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref19","unstructured":"19. Roque, Y , de Luna, D , Mena Lora, AJ. 208. Genotypic characteristics of ESBLs and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Dominican Republic. Presented at the SHEA Spring Meeting, Boston, MA; April 24\u201326, 2019."},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref10","unstructured":"10. Panamerican Health Organization. Aumentan las infecciones resistentes a los medicamentos en las Am\u00e9ricas debido al mal uso de los antimicrobianos durante la pandemia. PAHO Newsroom."},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref8","unstructured":"8. 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Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli bloodstream infections at a tertiary teaching hospital in the Dominican Republic","volume":"2","author":"Mena Lora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2811.220415","article-title":"Increased detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bacteria in Latin America and the Caribbean during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0234","article-title":"COVID-19 and fake news in the Dominican Republic","volume":"102","author":"Tapia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201579","article-title":"Inappropriately prescribed and over-the-counter antimicrobials in the Brazilian Amazon basin: we need to promote more rational use even in remote places","volume":"13","author":"Muri-Gama","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.10.009","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in the tropics","volume":"33","author":"Semret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref11","unstructured":"11. COVID-19: US impact on antimicrobial resistance, special report 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/covid19-impact-report-508.pdf. Published 2022. Accessed November 15, 2022."},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0098-8","article-title":"Pharmacy-based dispensing of antimicrobial agents without prescription in India: appropriateness and cost burden in the private sector","volume":"4","author":"Shet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2022.314","article-title":"A nationwide survey of antimicrobial dispensation practices in pharmacies and bodegas in the Dominican Republic","volume":"2","author":"Mena Lora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol"},{"key":"S2732494X22003473_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative organisms isolated from patients hospitalised with pneumonia in US and European hospitals: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2009\u20132012","volume":"43","author":"Sader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Stewardship &amp; Healthcare Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2732494X22003473","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T07:18:35Z","timestamp":1670311115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2732494X22003473\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S2732494X22003473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ash.2022.347","relation":{},"ISSN":["2732-494X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-494X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"e191"}}