{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T05:12:48Z","timestamp":1738300368038,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X24004765_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) was described early in the pandemic as a complication of SARS-CoV-2. Data about incidence of aspergillosis and characteristics of affected patients after mid-2021 are limited.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X24004765_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A retrospective, nationwide cohort of US Veterans with SARS-CoV-2 from 1\/1\/2020 to 2\/7\/2024 was created. Potential cases of aspergillosis \u226412 weeks of a SARS-CoV-2 test were flagged electronically (based on testing results indicative of invasive fungal infection, antifungal therapy, and\/or ICD-10 codes), followed by manual review to establish the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. Incidence rates were calculated per 10,000 SARS-CoV-2 cases. Selected clinical characteristics included age &gt;70, receipt of immune-compromising drugs, hematologic malignancy, chronic respiratory disease, vaccination status, and vaccine era. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the independent effects of these variables via adjusted odds ratios (aOR).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X24004765_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Among 674,343 Veterans with SARS-CoV-2, 165 were electronically flagged for review. Of these, 66 were judged to be cases of aspergillosis. Incidence proportions ranged from 0.30\/10,000 among patients with zero risk factors to 34\/10,000 among those with \u22653 risk factors; rates were similar in the pre- and post-vaccination eras. The 90-day mortality among aspergillosis cases was 50%. In the multivariate analysis, immune suppression (aOR 6.47, CI 3.84\u201310.92), chronic respiratory disease (aOR 3.57, CI 2.10\u20136.14), and age &gt;70 (aOR 2.78, CI 1.64\u20134.80) were associated with aspergillosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X24004765_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Patients with underlying risk factors for invasive aspergillosis continue to be at some risk despite SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Risk in patients without immune suppression or preexisting lung disease is very low.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2024.476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1738230184000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary aspergillosis in US Veterans with COVID-19: a nationwide, retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7429-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Swinnerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathanael R.","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0654-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikwo","family":"Oboho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Grubber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6868-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nhan V","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Monach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Westyn","family":"Branch-Elliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023011063"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.40037"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2704.204895"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2022.069"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_190_23"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.010"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab510"},{"key":"S2732494X24004765_ref20","unstructured":"20. 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