{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:25:35Z","timestamp":1785414335653,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare demographic patterns, diagnosis distribution, and prescribing trends between urgent care and non-urgent care clinics for infectious disease encounters across age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient encounters from 93 facilities (7 urgent care, 86 non-urgent clinics) in a single Michigan health system, from January 2021 to December 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 161,328 outpatient encounters involving an antibiotic prescription. Data were stratified by age group, sex, race, insurance type, and care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antibiotic prescription and ICD-10 diagnosis data were extracted from the CHARM database and compared across settings using \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Fisher\u2019s exact, and Mann-Whitney tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Urgent care encounters involved younger patients (median age 45 vs 55 yr,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), with more visits among children aged 0\u20135 years (9.0% vs 5.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Non-urgent care encounters had more patients aged \u2265 60 years (43.8% vs 34.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), including acute pharyngitis and otitis media, were more frequent in urgent care (15.0% and 11.9% vs 6.7% and 7.6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were more common in non-urgent care (15.2% vs 13.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Amoxicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic in urgent care (17.4% vs 11.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), while cephalexin led in non-urgent care (13.5% vs 11.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25101976_as7\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparatively, a larger proportion of urgent care visits were for patients under the age of 18 and for patients with URTIs. Meanwhile, a greater proportion of non-urgent care encounters were for patients over the age of 60 years old and patients with unspecified UTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2025.10197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:14:36Z","timestamp":1763374476000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Collaboration to harmonize antimicrobial registry measures (CHARM) database analysis of antibiotic prescribing in urgent and non-urgent care: a retrospective study on demographic factors"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3745-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan","family":"Vo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1879-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kushal","family":"Dahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9025-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Klepser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6675-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pontefract","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1468-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaylee E.","family":"Caniff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7066-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cg1ev32","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ferris State University College of Pharmacy"},{"name":"Collaborative to Advance Pharmacy Enterprises (CAPE)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-050787"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref4","unstructured":"4. Santo, L , K., K. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2019 National Summary Tables. Accessed June 2, 2025. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/123251"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05211-w"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref1","unstructured":"1. Urgent Care Industry White Paper. August 22, 2023. Accessed September 5, 2025. https:\/\/urgentcareassociation.org\/about\/urgent-care-industry-white-paper\/"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.44495"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref3","unstructured":"3. Most Frequent Reasons for Emergency Department Visits, 2018. 2018 #286. https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/statbriefs\/sb286-ED-Frequent-Conditions-2018.jsp#1st"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref6","first-page":"e168","article-title":"Outpatient antibiotic stewardship during the COVID-19 era: analysis of prescribing trends and guideline compliance","volume":"5","author":"Sohn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol ASHE"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13631"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref5","first-page":"609","article-title":"National study of non-urgent emergency department visits and associated resource utilization","volume":"14","author":"Honigman","year":"2013","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med Integrating Emerg Care Popul Health"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296"},{"key":"S2732494X25101976_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:106463"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Stewardship &amp; Healthcare Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2732494X25101976","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T10:14:37Z","timestamp":1763374477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2732494X25101976\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2732494X25101976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ash.2025.10197","relation":{},"ISSN":["2732-494X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-494X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e303"}}