{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T06:40:09Z","timestamp":1750401609918,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":170,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25000658_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) are crucial to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance and to improve outcomes for patients. A validated instrument rooted in a theoretically derived implementation science framework will increase our understanding of ASP implementation and enable comparisons across implementation sites.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25000658_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25000658_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Antibiotic stewards (infectious disease pharmacists and physicians) were recruited from Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals to complete a survey on stewardship implementation. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to guide development of an ASP implementation survey assessing 22 potential determinants of implementation across five domains of CFIR. We conducted confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to assess construct validity of 8 construct measures and evaluated internal consistency.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25000658_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A total of 150 stewards completed the survey from 110 VA hospitals. CFA for most CFIR constructs exhibited good fit. Internal consistency for CFIR construct subscales (Cronbach\u2019s alpha) ranged from 0.54\u20130.96, indicating modest to strong internal consistency. Determinants that were rated highly present at the sites (across site means \u2265 4.0 or above) included Self-Efficacy, Engaging, Evidence Strength and Quality and Relative Advantage, indicating stewards found ASP evidence compelling and felt their personal involvement was effective in engendering positive results for the ASP.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X25000658_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Psychometric properties indicate validity of the first CFIR-based survey of determinants for ASP implementation outcomes. Clinical, quality improvement, and research teams can use this survey to identify contextual determinants of ASP implementation and use this information to guide selection of strategies and compare results across multiple sites.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2025.65","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T06:16:09Z","timestamp":1750400169000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing hospital antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) implementation: validation of an implementation science-informed survey"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4519-7997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorie Michaela","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Childs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Barlam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7214-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mari-Lynn","family":"Drainoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9547-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Reardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Damschroder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Madaras-Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4542-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6857-6207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shana","family":"Burrowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Stenehjem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jincheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Presson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew Howard","family":"Samore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref29","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modeling: guidelines for deterimining model fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bus Res Methods"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.06.005"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000948"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2010.042085"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.017"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12040718"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-023-01324-w"},{"key":"S2732494X25000658_ref18","unstructured":"18. 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