{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:27:41Z","timestamp":1778653661755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":112,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Respiratory virus testing is routinely performed and ways to obtain specimens aside from a nasopharyngeal swab are needed for pandemic preparedness. The main objective is to validate a self-collected oral-nasal swab for the detection of Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Diagnostic test validation of a self-collected oral nasal swab as compared to a provider-collected nasopharyngeal swab.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Emergency Department at Michael Garron Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Consecutive individuals who presented to the Emergency Department with a suspected viral upper respiratory tract infection were included if they self-collected an oral-nasal swab. Individuals testing positive for Influenza or RSV along with randomly selected participants who tested negative were eligible for inclusion.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Interventions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>All participants had the paired oral-nasal swab tested using a multiplex respiratory virus polymerase chain reaction for the three respiratory pathogens and compared to the nasopharyngeal swab.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as6\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>48 individuals tested positive for Influenza, severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or RSV along with 80 who tested negative. 110 were symptomatic with the median time from symptom onset to testing of 1 day (interquartile range 2\u20135 days). Using the clinical nasopharyngeal swab as the reference standard, the sensitivity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.43\u20130.95) and specificity was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93\u20131.00) for RSV, sensitivity is 0.67 (95% CI, 0.49\u20130.81) and specificity is 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89\u20130.99) for Influenza.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X2500066X_as7\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Multiplex testing with a self-collected oral-nasal swab for Influenza and RSV is not an acceptable substitute for a healthcare provider collected nasopharyngeal swab primarily due to suboptimal Influenza test characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2025.66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:30:15Z","timestamp":1745389815000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of oral-nasal specimen collection for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Suico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid Kyle","family":"Vojdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"McCready","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scarlett","family":"Pourmatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manija","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christie","family":"Vermeiren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Powis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111314"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab023"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00805-1"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2021.2"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMvcm2010260"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12471"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021335"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00217-22"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00135-0"},{"key":"S2732494X2500066X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00336-21"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Stewardship &amp; Healthcare Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2732494X2500066X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T06:30:15Z","timestamp":1745389815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2732494X2500066X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2732494X2500066X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ash.2025.66","relation":{},"ISSN":["2732-494X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2732-494X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e99"}}