{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:53:10Z","timestamp":1785430390266,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ASHE"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iteratively develop educational tools (instructional video and flyer) to improve midstream clean catch (MSCC) urine sample collection using patient and healthcare professionals\u2019 input.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-method qualitative study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient clinics in Houston, Texas, United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adult patients recruited from public and private clinics (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12). Healthcare professionals (HCP; nurses and medical assistants) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) providing care at participating clinics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve patient interviews and three focus groups with HCPs (May 2024\u2013November 2024). Interviews discussed patient experiences using the educational tools to guide urine specimen collection. Focus groups elicited HCPs\u2019 perspectives on the comprehensibility and utility of the tools in their respective clinics. We identified themes using directed content analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as6\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We garnered insight into knowledge gaps and barriers for completing the MSCC process. MSCC instructions in existing educational tools were poorly understood by patients, especially among those with limited understanding of urogenital anatomy. Patient barriers to MSCC collection included physical difficulties due to poor urine stream control, mobility issues, and obesity. Patients and HCPs reported that our tools addressed patient gaps in understanding of MSCC instructions. Patients and HCPs also suggested that we accompany our tools with assistive devices and dedicated surfaces in the clinic bathrooms, to better meet patients\u2019 needs in urine specimen collection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2732494X26103179_as7\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial feedback was promising that our educational tools would improve the MSCC collection process for patients. In next steps, we will conduct feasibility pilot testing followed by a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of reducing urine culture contamination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/ash.2026.10317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:29:07Z","timestamp":1773044947000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patient and healthcare professionals\u2019 perceptions of educational tools to reduce urine culture contamination in outpatient clinics: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7042-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Collazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1116-4644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trenton M.","family":"Haltom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7668-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanan","family":"Luna Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiara","family":"Olmeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azalia","family":"Mancera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizia","family":"Faustinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9276-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael K.","family":"Paasche-Orlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zach","family":"Landis-Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7311-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Zoorob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara W.","family":"Trautner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St Louis Division of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Grigoryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02pttbw34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2732494X26103179_ref14","unstructured":"14. 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