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It is an irreversible mutilation that impairs animal welfare, both immediately and in the longer term. The defence of tail docking as a practice is centred around the perception that doing so contributes to the promotion of local hygiene, allowing the use of the wool, facilitating reproductive management and reducing the chances of myiasis, a disease caused by the invasion of blowfly larvae in the tissues of warm-blooded animals. However, current understanding of farm animal welfare questions the need to maintain practices such as tail docking. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tail docking on the incidence of <jats:italic>Cochliomyia hominivorax<\/jats:italic> myiasis in sheep in an experimental flock in Brazil during a six-year retrospective cohort study. Relative risk, odds ratio and incidence rate ratio were the association measures adopted. A total of 4,318 data-points were collected and supplied the analytical model. Tail docking did not decrease the risk and, on the contrary, was found to increase the chances of sheep being affected by myiasis. The results support the hypothesis that tail docking is not a protective factor against the occurrence of myiasis and further fuel calls for a rethink of tail docking being deployed as a blanket measure in the prevention of myiasis in sheep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/awf.2024.21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T09:32:07Z","timestamp":1715160727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Does tail docking prevent <i>Cochliomyia hominivorax<\/i> myiasis in sheep? 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