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Restricting the 3Fs prevents horses from achieving optimal welfare. We carried out 14 semi-structured interviews in the UK and Ireland to examine horse owners\u2019 experiences, attitudes and beliefs around the provision of the 3Fs. Most participants were female, aged from 25 to 65 years, resident in the UK and kept their horse at a livery facility. A reflexive thematic analysis identified five core themes in their responses. Themes identified were \u2018Choice for the horse is paramount\u2019, \u2018Friends, forage, freedom and fear of injury\u2019, \u2018When livery yard rules compromise horse welfare\u2019 (sub-themes \u2018Control of forage and freedom of movement\u2019), \u2018Horse management through the (anthropomorphic) human lens\u2019 and \u2018The livery yard \u2013 balancing both horse and human needs\u2019. Participants appeared to have a good understanding of the horse\u2019s behavioural needs and were keen to communicate that these needs should be a primary consideration in their management practices. Owners who kept their horses at home stated that their horses should have access to freedom of movement and shelter in their environment. Livery yard practices, a concern for injury in group turn-out, anthropocentric, anthropomorphic and motivational beliefs all appeared to play a role in owners\u2019 decisions for providing the 3Fs. These findings highlight the difficulties horse owners experience when wishing to implement best practice management and provide a better understanding of how such welfare challenges can be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/awf.2026.10107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T06:59:48Z","timestamp":1786345188000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choice for the horse is paramount: Owners\u2019 experiences in facilitating friends, forage, and freedom in their management practices"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7178-234X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy Leah","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Edinburgh Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-2576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley Jane","family":"Jessiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044e2ja82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Scotland\u2019s Rural College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044e2ja82","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Scotland\u2019s Rural College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0962728626101079_r73","first-page":"13","article-title":"Note taking: A lesson for Novice Qualitative Researchers","volume":"2","author":"Muswazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Research and Method in Education"},{"key":"S0962728626101079_r75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211419863"},{"key":"S0962728626101079_r99","unstructured":"Will, V 2016 It takes one bad apple: livery yards in Scotland - a case study. 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