{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T21:46:05Z","timestamp":1747172765962,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639353600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Impairment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1443964621000309_as1\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early reporting of atypical symptoms following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be an early indicator of poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the percentage of people reporting atypical symptoms 1-month post-mTBI and explore links to recovery 12 months later in a community-dwelling mTBI sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1443964621000309_as2\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult participants (&gt;16 years) who had experienced a mTBI were identified from a longitudinal incidence study (BIONIC). At 1-month post-injury, 260 participants completed the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (typical symptoms) plus four atypical symptom items (hemiplegia, difficulty swallowing, digestion problems and difficulties with fine motor tasks). At 12 months post-injury, 73.9% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 193) rated their overall recovery on a 100-point scale. An ordinal regression explored the association between atypical symptoms at 1 month and recovery at 12 months post-injury (low = 0\u201380, moderate = 81\u201399 and complete recovery = 100), whilst controlling for age, sex, rehabilitation received, ethnicity, mental and physical comorbidities and additional injuries sustained at the time of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1443964621000309_as3\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 1-month post-injury &lt;1% of participants reported hemiplegia, 5.4% difficulty swallowing, 10% digestion problems and 15.4% difficulties with fine motor tasks. The ordinal regression model revealed atypical symptoms were not significant predictors of self-rated recovery at 12 months. Older age at injury and higher typical symptoms at 1 month were independently associated with poorer recovery at 12 months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1443964621000309_as4\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atypical symptoms on initial presentation were not linked to global self-reported recovery at 12 months. Age at injury and typical symptoms are stronger early indicators of longer-term prognosis. Further research is needed to determine if atypical symptoms predict other outcomes following mTBI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1017\/brimp.2021.30","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T09:12:38Z","timestamp":1639386758000},"page":"114-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Atypical symptom reporting after mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1071","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Keyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5692-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Ameratunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Starkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Barker-Collo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Theadom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"67","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30415-0"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07303084.2016.1216482"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.713984"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181b4b6ab"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00043"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.666367"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2682-x"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091647"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6609a1"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN1003_02"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040903155063"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318281966e"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.20060159"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2012.761677"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1607557"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2016.1274780"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.974674"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3600"},{"volume-title":"Brain injury medicine: principles and practice","year":"2012","author":"Iverson","key":"S1443964621000309_ref14"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01874896"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2017.1329406"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050601049247"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Differential dropout and bias in randomised controlled trials: When it matters and when it may not","volume":"34","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.915988"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01113"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70262-4"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00073-8"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1161732"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040600875203"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr070"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/BrImp.2017.11"},{"key":"S1443964621000309_ref39","unstructured":"Tyerman, A. 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