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This research maps seven coastal environments worldwide, and for each environment analyzes the effect of coastal changes on coastal populations by including sea-level change, extreme sea-level events with varying return periods and population growth from 1950 to 2050. It identifies the historical exposure of low-lying deltaic and estuarine flood areas (&gt;48% of total population) and reveals that flood exposure will significantly increase for barrier islands and strandplains by 2050 (with over a 40% rise in exposure), particularly along African coastlines. Population growth emerges as the primary factor behind the increased exposure. While sea-level rise is projected to contribute between 26% and 65% of the increased inundated area by 2050 compared to a 10-year extreme sea-level event, varying by coastal environment. The findings highlight the critical need for mitigation measures that account for the distinct responses of different coastal types to sea-level rise, posing various risks over varying timescales.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/cft.2025.10001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T02:22:46Z","timestamp":1750040566000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Global coastal exposure patterns by coastal type from 1950 to 2050"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albina","family":"Gilmullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Helland-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaap","family":"Nienhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joep","family":"Storms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2754720525100012_r7","unstructured":"Cotton, CA (1952) Criteria for the Classification of Coasts. 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